Rig Veda Sukta 2
Mandala 4Sukta 220 Mantras

Sukta 2

Sukta 4.2

Rishi

Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for RV 4.2)

Chandas

Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.2; this verse conforms to Triṣṭubh cadence)

RV 4.2 は(伝統的に)ヴァーマデーヴァに帰せられる、アグニへの讃歌である。アグニは死すべき者のうちに宿る不死者として、祭官(hotṛ)・先見者、そして神々の間で働く能動の力として讃えられ、祭儀と霊感を通して人間の生にṛta(真理の秩序)を確立すると歌われる。詩は、光り輝く知性を燃え立たせ、正しい識別を混乱し屈折した衝動から切り分け、後代を支える広大で多様な繁栄を授けるようアグニに請い願う。結びでは詩人が言葉の供物を捧げ、アグニよ燃え上がって「大いなる富」—より充実した善—を与えよと呼びかける。

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.2

In this hymn

Addressed to

  • Agni

    Agni is the divine Fire: hotṛ (priest), kaví (seer), and vedhá (ordainer), born in the kindling yet called “immortal among mortals.” He is set “among the gods” as the moving force that carries offerings and awakens radiance and understanding.

Mantras

Mantra 1

यो मर्त्येष्वमृत ऋतावा देवो देवेष्वरतिर्निधायि । होता यजिष्ठो मह्ना शुचध्यै हव्यैरग्निर्मनुष ईरयध्यै ॥

人の子らの中にあって不死なる者、ṛta(宇宙の真理・秩序)を担う神、その神は神々の中に活動の推進者として据えられた。ホータル(Hotar)たるアグニ、供犠に最も巧みなる者よ――その偉大さによって光り澄む知性を燃え立たせ、供物によって人を上へと駆り立てよ。

Mantra 2

इह त्वं सूनो सहसो नो अद्य जातो जाताँ उभयाँ अन्तरग्ने । दूत ईयसे युयुजान ऋष्व ऋजुमुष्कान्वृषणः शुक्राँश्च ॥

ここにて、力の子よ、今日われらのために生まれしアグニ(Agni)よ、二つの生(両界)のあいだに入りたまえ。汝は使者として進み、高き力をくびきて——雄々しく、まっすぐに駆り立てられ、光り輝く——人の世と神々の世とのあいだの道行きを成就せしむ。

Mantra 3

अत्या वृधस्नू रोहिता घृतस्नू ऋतस्य मन्ये मनसा जविष्ठा । अन्तरीयसे अरुषा युजानो युष्माँश्च देवान्विश आ च मर्तान् ॥

汝の駿馬はきわめて迅く、力を増し、赤くして歓喜のギー(ghṛta)を滴らす。われは心により、それらをṛta(宇宙の秩序・真理)のため最も迅きものと観ず。かくて汝はそのあいだを往来し、赤き力をくびきて、汝ら神々と人の諸族とを一つの動きとしてṛtaへと集め導く。

Mantra 4

अर्यमणं वरुणं मित्रमेषामिन्द्राविष्णू मरुतो अश्विनोत । स्वश्वो अग्ने सुरथः सुराधा एदु वह सुहविषे जनाय ॥

アリヤマン(Aryaman)、ヴァルナ(Varuṇa)、ミトラ(Mitra)を連れ来たれ。さらにインドラ(Indra)とヴィシュヌ(Viṣṇu)、マルト(Marut)ら、アシュヴィン(Aśvin)双神をも。良き馬をもち、良き車をもち、良き成就をもつアグニ(Agni)よ、善き供物を捧ぐる民のもとへ、まことに彼らを運び来たれ。

Mantra 5

गोमाँ अग्नेऽविमाँ अश्वी यज्ञो नृवत्सखा सदमिदप्रमृष्यः । इळावाँ एषो असुर प्रजावान्दीर्घो रयिः पृथुबुध्नः सभावान् ॥

アグニよ、この祭祀は「牛」(光の光線)に富み、「羊」(生成の力)に富み、「馬」(迅速なるエネルギー)に富む。高貴なる者を友とし、その座にあって侵しがたい。これぞ汝の威力、光輝のアスラよ――この祭祀はイラー(Iḷā、啓示/供献)に満ち、生殖の力に満ち、長き財(rayi)をもたらす。底広く、会衆の福を具える。

Mantra 6

यस्त इध्मं जभरत्सिष्विदानो मूर्धानं वा ततपते त्वाया । भुवस्तस्य स्वतवाँ: पायुरग्ने विश्वस्मात्सीमघायत उरुष्य ॥

汝に薪を、熱心に燃え立たせつつ携えて来る者、あるいは苦行の熱(tapas)により己が頭頂さえ汝のために灼く者――その者に対し、アグニよ、汝は自ら力ある守護者となる。あらゆる害意ある者、すべての敵対から、彼のために道を広げ、護り給え。

Mantra 7

यस्ते भरादन्नियते चिदन्नं निशिषन्मन्द्रमतिथिमुदीरत् । आ देवयुरिनधते दुरोणे तस्मिन्रयिर्ध्रुवो अस्तु दास्वान् ॥

乏しき時にもなお汝に食を運ぶ者、歓喜をもたらす客(Atithi)を座に就かせ、これを高く掲げる者――神を求める者が家の炉辺で汝を燃え立たせるとき、その施与者に、揺るがぬ豊穣(rayi)が、尽きることなく在れ。

Mantra 8

यस्त्वा दोषा य उषसि प्रशंसात्प्रियं वा त्वा कृणवते हविष्मान् । अश्वो न स्वे दम आ हेम्यावान्तमंहसः पीपरो दाश्वांसम् ॥

夜に汝を讃える者、暁(Uṣas)に讃える者、また供物(havis)によって汝を愛しきものとする者——馬が自らの厩に帰るように、彼のもとへ帰来せよ。アグニ(Agni)よ、手綱を執る者よ、その施与者(dāśvāṃs)を苦難と窮迫(aṃhas)から渡らせよ。

Mantra 9

यस्तुभ्यमग्ने अमृताय दाशद्दुवस्त्वे कृणवते यतस्रुक् । न स राया शशमानो वि योषन्नैनमंहः परि वरदघायोः ॥

汝に、アグニ(Agni)よ、不死者に捧げる者、また節制された杓(sruc)をもって汝のうちに敬虔な奉仕(dúvas)を打ち立てる者——彼は努め励むとも富(rāyā)から離れ落ちることはない。苦難(aṃhas)は彼を取り巻いて閉ざさず、悪意ある者の害も彼を囲まない。

Mantra 10

यस्य त्वमग्ने अध्वरं जुजोषो देवो मर्तस्य सुधितं रराणः । प्रीतेदसद्धोत्रा सा यविष्ठासाम यस्य विधतो वृधासः ॥

その供犠の道(adhvara)を汝が受け入れる者——アグニ(Agni)よ、光り輝く神として、汝は人のよく整えられた業(sudhita)を喜び楽しむ。すると祭司の力、ホートラー(hotrā)は歓びのうちにそこに坐す。最も若き者(yaviṣṭha)よ、奉仕する者(vidhát)のために、諸々の増大(vṛdhāsaḥ)はいよいよ増し栄える。

Mantra 11

चित्तिमचित्तिं चिनवद्वि विद्वान्पृष्ठेव वीता वृजिना च मर्तान् । राये च नः स्वपत्याय देव दितिं च रास्वादितिमुरुष्य ॥

アグニよ、知者よ。われらのために正しき識別(citti)を見分けて集め、無識と錯乱の動きから切り離したまえ。堅き支えを選ぶ者のごとく、曲がれる人間の衝動を分け置きたまえ。さらに、豊饒の富(rāyí)と高貴なる子孫を立てる力とをわれらに与え、ディティ(Diti)を授け、アディティ(Aditi)を守りたまえ。

Mantra 12

कविं शशासुः कवयोऽदब्धा निधारयन्तो दुर्यास्वायोः । अतस्त्वं दृश्याँ अग्न एतान्पड्भिः पश्येरद्भुताँ अर्य एवैः ॥

欺かれぬカヴィ(kavi)たる聖仙たちは、そのカヴィを教え、生命の息(āyuḥ)の住処に堅く据えた。ゆえにアグニよ、汝の道と歩みによって、これら目に見える驚異を見そなわしたまえ—汝はその行き来によって高貴なるアーリヤ(ārya)なり。

Mantra 13

त्वमग्ने वाघते सुप्रणीतिः सुतसोमाय विधते यविष्ठ । रत्नं भर शशमानाय घृष्वे पृथु श्चन्द्रमवसे चर्षणिप्राः ॥

汝こそアグニ、供物を捧ぐる者のための最上の導き、ソーマ(Soma)を搾る祭主に仕える善き統御者。最も若き者(yaviṣṭha)よ、励み燃ゆる者に宝を運び来たれ。進みゆく人々(cārṣaṇi-prāḥ)のために、広く輝ける加護となれ。

Mantra 14

अधा ह यद्वयमग्ने त्वाया पड्भिर्हस्तेभिश्चकृमा तनूभिः । रथं न क्रन्तो अपसा भुरिजोॠतं येमुः सुध्य आशुषाणाः ॥

それゆえ、アグニよ、われらが歩みと手と、この身そのものによって汝のための業を形づくり――労によって戦車のごとく進みゆくとき――清明なる心をもち、衝動すばやき者たちが、ṛta(宇宙の秩序・真理)を堅く保たんことを。

Mantra 15

अधा मातुरुषसः सप्त विप्रा जायेमहि प्रथमा वेधसो नॄन् । दिवस्पुत्रा अङ्गिरसो भवेमाद्रिं रुजेम धनिनं शुचन्तः ॥

それゆえ、母なるウシャス(曙光)より、われらが七人の霊感ある賢者として生まれ、最初の人を形づくる者たちの先頭に立たんことを。われらはアンギラサス、天の子となり、清浄に輝きつつ、岩を砕いて内に秘められた富を解き放たん。

Mantra 16

अधा यथा नः पितरः परासः प्रत्नासो अग्न ऋतमाशुषाणाः । शुचीदयन्दीधितिमुक्थशासः क्षामा भिन्दन्तो अरुणीरप व्रन् ॥

それゆえ、われらの父祖、遠き古の人々が、ṛtaを求めて急ぎ進んだように――アグニよ、同じくあれ。彼らは清浄にして、讃歌の言葉を宣べ、燃え立つ光を掲げた。大地を裂き、紅の光をあらわし、束縛を解いて放った。

Mantra 17

सुकर्माणः सुरुचो देवयन्तोऽयो न देवा जनिमा धमन्तः । शुचन्तो अग्निं ववृधन्त इन्द्रमूर्वं गव्यं परिषदन्तो अग्मन् ॥

彼らは善き業をなし、光り輝き、神々へと心を向け、力ある息によって、神々のごとく自らの誕生を鍛え成した。身を清めつつ、アグニ(Agni)を増し、インドラ(Indra)を強め、広大な囲い—光りある群れ(知の光線)の牛囲い—のまわりに行きて座した。

Mantra 18

आ यूथेव क्षुमति पश्वो अख्यद्देवानां यज्जनिमान्त्युग्र । मर्तानां चिदुर्वशीरकृप्रन्वृधे चिदर्य उपरस्यायोः ॥

群れのごとく、豊かな生命の力は姿を現した—神々の猛き誕生が近づいたときに。死すべき者たちのためにも、ウルヴァシー(Urvaśī、広く輝く霊感)は形づくられた。増大のためにも、高貴なる者は、より高き生命の力を見いだした。

Mantra 19

अकर्म ते स्वपसो अभूम ऋतमवस्रन्नुषसो विभातीः । अनूनमग्निं पुरुधा सुश्चन्द्रं देवस्य मर्मृजतश्चारु चक्षुः ॥

アグニ(Agni)よ、われらは汝の善き働き手となった。輝き出づるウシャス(Uṣas、曙光)たちは、真理(ṛta)を注ぎ流した。彼女らはさまざまに、アグニを欠けなきもの、麗しく光り澄むものとし、神の愛しき眼—火のヴィジョン—を磨き清める。

Mantra 20

एता ते अग्न उचथानि वेधोऽवोचाम कवये ता जुषस्व । उच्छोचस्व कृणुहि वस्यसो नो महो रायः पुरुवार प्र यन्धि ॥

アグニよ、秩序を定める者(vedhaḥ)よ――これらの讃歌の言葉を、われらは汝、詩聖なる見者(kavi)に向かって唱えた。どうかそれを嘉納せよ。燃え上がれ、われらにいよいよ大いなる善(vasyas)を成就せよ。多くの望ましき姿に富む、偉大なる充溢の富(rāyas)を、われらへと送り出せ。

Inside Sukta 2

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Agni is hailed as immortal within mortals and as ṛtāvān—installed as the active mover among the gods and the most capable hotṛ.

  2. Development

    The hymn develops Agni’s double work: outwardly carrying offerings and sustaining the sacrificial order, inwardly kindling luminous intelligence and uplifting the human being; petitions broaden into prosperity and right governance of life-forces.

  3. Climax

    The prayer for discriminative power: Agni is asked to gather true citti and separate it from acitti, setting apart crooked mortal impulses, and to grant Diti (right division/order) while protecting Aditi (undivided infinity).

  4. Where it settles

    The poet offers his ucathāni (utterances) to the seer-fire and asks Agni to blaze out, create a greater good, and send forth abundant, many-formed plenitude.

The deity: Agni

  • Cosmic functionMediator between human and divine realms—receiving oblations, conveying them to the gods, sustaining ṛta through yajña, and energizing growth, protection, and prosperity in the community.
  • Inner significanceThe flame of consciousness and aspiration: the power that kindles śuci-dhī (luminous intelligence), discriminates citti from acitti (right insight from confusion), and lifts the human being upward toward truth and wholeness (Aditi).

The seer

  • Vāmadeva GautamaGautama gotra (Vāmadeva as a Gautama seer of Mandala 4) · A major Ṛgvedic seer of the Fourth Maṇḍala, celebrated for profound Agni hymns and for visionary, inward readings of sacrifice where Agni becomes the power of illumination and right discernment (citti) within the human being.

Famous verses

amṛta ṛtāvā ("immortal, bearer of ṛta")
Verse 4.2.1Programmatic opening: defines Agni as immortal among mortals, ṛtāvān, and the foremost hotṛ who kindles śuci-dhī and impels the human upward—setting the hymn’s spiritual-ritual frame.Read verse 4.2.1 →
cittim acittiṃ ("discernment and non-discernment")
Verse 4.2.11Doctrinal peak of inner yajña: Agni is invoked to separate true discernment (citti) from confusion (acitti), to order life rightly (Diti) and safeguard wholeness (Aditi), while granting wealth and noble posterity.Read verse 4.2.11 →
maho rāyaḥ ("great plenitude/wealth")
Verse 4.2.20Formal conclusion: the poet offers his praises and asks Agni to blaze forth and bestow “great wealth” rich in many desirable forms—summarizing the hymn’s aim of illumination and plenitude.Read verse 4.2.20 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Hotṛ (chief invoker/priest)
  • Kaví (seer-poet)
  • Vedhá (ordainer, arranger of right order)
  • Ṛtāvān (bearer of ṛta)
  • Śuci (pure, bright)
  • Messenger who carries offerings
  • Discriminating intelligence (viveka-like function)
  • Giver of rāyí (plenitude, wealth) and protection

Also by this seer

  • Attributed authorship of many hymns in Rig Veda Mandala 4 (Vāmadeva’s collection), especially Agni-centered sūktas
  • Traditional association with the Vāmadeva tradition and the name “Vāmadeva” later revered in Śaiva and mantra lineages (as an archetypal seer-name)

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the altar/household fire-place (vedi) and seat for Agni; ritually clean the space.
  • Kindle Agni (ādhāna/agnipraṇayana contextually) and stabilize the flame with fuel (samidh).
  • Recite Agni-stuti verses invoking Agni as hotṛ and ṛtāvān; invite him to take his seat among the gods.
  • Offer oblations with svāhā—asking Agni to kindle śuci-dhī and to separate right from wrong impulses.
  • Conclude with uttered praise (ucathāni), requesting Agni to blaze forth and to send “great wealth” and well-being.
  • Silent or spoken dedication: may the rite support posterity (su-apatya) and protect Aditi (wholeness).

Offerings

  • Ghee (ājya)
  • Samidh/fuel sticks
  • Grain or simple havis (as available)
  • Optional fragrant offerings (resins) depending on tradition

Frequently Asked Questions

It presents Agni as the divine fire who brings truth-order (ṛta) into human life—through worship he awakens clear intelligence and leads the seeker upward, while also granting protection and prosperity.

The hymn asks Agni to help us recognize true understanding (citti) and separate it from confusion or wrong movement (acitti), so our actions become straight and well-ordered rather than crooked.

Here Diti points to right division, measure, and ordering in life, while Aditi points to the undivided, expansive wholeness; the prayer seeks both: good order without losing inner freedom and infinity.

Ask anything about Sukta 2 of the Rig Veda

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