Varaha Purana - Adhyaya 54
Varaha PuranaAdhyaya 5423 Shlokas

Adhyaya 54: Nārada’s Teaching on a Viṣṇu-Vrata for Securing a Husband (Narrative of the Apsarases)

Nārada-proktaṃ Viṣṇu-vrataṃ (Apsarasāṃ Bhartṛ-prāpti-vrata-kathā)

Ritual-Manual (Vrata) embedded in Didactic Narrative

ヴァラーハとプリティヴィーの教示的枠組みの中で、バドラ―シュヴァはアガスティヤに、真の知(vijñāna)を生む神は誰か、またいかに礼拝すべきかを問う。アガスティヤは、遍くヴィシュヌ/ナーラーヤナをなだめ奉るべきだと答え、譬え話を示す。ナーラダはマーナササラスで、ナーラーヤナを夫として望むアプサラスたちに出会う。彼は彼女らの若き驕りと不敬を戒めつつも、ヴィシュヌの御名を唱えるだけでも功徳があると説く。さらに春の白分十二日(vasanta śukla-dvādaśī)のヴラタを授ける。夜の礼拝、ラクシュミーを伴うハリの銀像、花の मंडप(パヴィリオン)、音楽、徹夜の守夜、そして結びに婆羅門への布施(brāhmaṇa-dāna)を行うのである。不敬は将来の呪い(アシュターヴァクラとゴーパーラに関わる)を招くと警告し、アガスティヤは、アプサラスが誓戒を実行してハリが喜ばれたと語る。

Speakers

VarāhaPṛthivīBhadrāśvaAgastyaNāradaApsarases

Key Concepts

vijñānotpatti (generation of knowledge) through devotionNārāyaṇa/Viṣṇu as sarvadeva-prabhu (supreme recipient of worship)nāma-kīrtana (efficacy of divine name utterance)vrata-vidhi (ritual protocol) on vasanta śukla-dvādaśīrātri-pūjā and jāgaraṇa (night worship and vigil)dāna to a vedavedāṅga-yukta brāhmaṇa (textual ideal of learned recipient)garva/avamāna (pride and disrespect) as ethical fault with karmic consequencesacred-lake encounter narrative as a didactic setting
Sanskrit recitationVaraha Purana Adhyaya 54

Shlokas in Adhyaya 54

Verse 1

भद्राश्व उवाच । विज्ञानोत्पत्तिकामस्य क आराध्यो भवेद् द्विज । कथं चाराध्यतेऽसौ हि एतदाख्याहि मे द्विज ॥ ५४.१ ॥

バドラ―シュヴァは言った。「おお二度生まれの者(dvija)よ、識別の智(vijñāna)の生起を願う者は、誰を礼拝すべきか。しかもその方はいかにして礼拝されるべきか。これを私に説き明かせ、二度生まれの者よ。」

Verse 2

अगस्त्य उवाच । विष्णुरेव सदाराध्यः सर्वदेवैरपि प्रभुः । तस्योपायं प्रवक्ष्यामि येनासौ वरदो भवेत् ॥ ५४.२ ॥

アガスティヤは言った。「ヴィシュヌ(Viṣṇu)こそ常に礼拝されるべき唯一の方である。彼は一切の神々にとっても主である。彼が願いを成就させる施与者となるための、その方法を私は説こう。」

Verse 3

रहस्यं सर्वदेवानां मुनीनां मनुजांस्तथा । नारायणः परो देवस्तं प्रणम्य न सीदति ॥ ५४.३ ॥

これは諸神・牟尼(ムニ)・人々に共通する秘奥の理である。ナーラーヤナこそ至上の神;彼に礼拝し頂礼する者は、憂いに沈まない。

Verse 4

श्रूयते च पुरा राजन् नारदेन महात्मना । कथितं तुष्टिदं विष्णोर्व्रतमप्सरसां तथा ॥ ५४.४ ॥

また聞くところによれば、王よ、古の時、大心のナーラダが、満足(トゥシュティ)をもたらすヴィシュヌの誓戒(ヴラタ)と、さらにアプサラスに関わる誓戒とを説き明かしたという。

Verse 5

नारदस्तु पुरा कल्पे गतवान् मानसंसारः । स्नानार्थं तत्र चाजापश्यत् सर्वमप्सरसां गणम् ॥ ५४.५ ॥

ナーラダはかつての劫に、マーナサ湖へ赴いた。そこで沐浴しようとして、アプサラスの一団すべてを目にした。

Verse 6

तास्तं दृष्ट्वा विलासिन्यो जटामुकुटधारिणम् । अस्थिचर्मावशेषं तु छत्रदण्डकपालिनम् ॥ ५४.६ ॥

彼女ら戯れ好む天女たちは彼を見て、結髪(ジャター)を冠のように戴き、骨と皮の名残を帯び、傘の杖と髑髏の鉢を携える者として目にした。

Verse 7

देवासुरमनुष्याणां दिदृक्षुं कलहप्रियम् । ब्रह्मपुत्रं तपोयुक्तं पप्रच्छुस्ता वराङ्गनाः ॥ ५४.७ ॥

神々・アスラ・人間の間で争いを好む者を見たいと願い、その高貴な美女たちは、苦行(タパス)を具えたブラフマーの子に問いかけた。

Verse 8

अप्सरस ऊचुः । भगवन् ब्रह्मतनय भर्तृकामाः वयं द्विज । नारायणश्च भर्ता नो यथा स्यात् तत् प्रचक्ष्व नः ॥ ५४.८ ॥

アプサラスたちは言った。「尊き御方よ、梵天の御子よ、二度生まれし者よ――私たちは夫を望みます。いかにしてナーラーヤナが私たちの夫となり得るのか、どうかお示しください。」

Verse 9

नारद उवाच । प्रणामपूर्वकः प्रश्नः सर्वत्र विहितः शुभः । स च मे न कृतो गर्वाद् युष्माभिर्यौवनस्मयात् ॥ ५४.९ ॥

ナーラダは言った。「恭敬の礼拝を先にして問うことは、どこにおいても吉祥で正しいとされる。だがそれはなされなかった。私には慢心があり、汝らには若さの驕りがあったのだ。」

Verse 10

तथापि देवदेवस्य विष्णोर्यन्नामकीर्तितम् । भवतीभिस्तथा भर्त्ता भवत्विति हरिः कृतः । तन्नामोच्चारणादेव कृतं सर्वं न संशयः ॥ ५४.१० ॥

「それでもなお、汝らが神々の神ヴィシュヌの御名を称えたゆえに、ハリは汝らの主と見なされた。まことに、その御名を唱えるだけで一切は成就する。疑いはない。」

Verse 11

इदानीं कथयाम्याशु व्रतं येन हरिः स्वयम् । वरदत्वमवाप्नोति भर्तृत्वं च नियच्छति ॥ ५४.११ ॥

「今、ハリご自身が恩寵を授ける者としての位を得、また守護し支える者としての役割をも授ける、その誓戒(ヴラタ)を速やかに説こう。」

Verse 12

नारद उवाच । वसन्ते शुक्लपक्षस्य द्वादशी या भवेत्शुभा । तस्यामुपोष्य विधिवन्निशायां हरिमर्च्चयेत् ॥ ५४.१२ ॥

ナーラダは言った。「春の季節、白分(シュクラ・パクシャ)の吉祥なる十二日(ドヴァーダシー)に、その日を法にかなって斎戒し、夜にハリを礼拝すべきである。」

Verse 13

पर्यङ्कास्तरणं कृत्वा नानाचित्रसमन्वितम् । तत्र लक्ष्म्या युतं रौप्यं हरिं कृत्वा निवेशयेत् ॥ ५४.१३ ॥

種々の文様で飾った寝台とその覆いを整えたのち、そこにラクシュミー(Lakṣmī)を伴うハリ(Hari)の銀製の御像を安置すべきである。

Verse 14

तस्योपरि ततः पुष्पैर्मण्डपं कारयेद् बुधः । नृत्यवादित्रगेयैश्च जागरं तत्र कारयेत् ॥ ५४.१४ ॥

その上に、賢者は花でマンダパ(maṇḍapa)を造らせ、そこで舞踊・楽器・歌によって夜通しの覚醒供養(jāgara)を行わせるべきである。

Verse 15

मनॊभवायेति शिर अनङ्गायेति वै कटिम् । कामाय बाहुमूले तु सुशास्त्रायेति चोदरम् ॥ ५४.१५ ॥

[真言を配当すべし:]「マノーバヴァ(Manobhava)へ」を頭に、「アナンガ(Anaṅga)へ」を腰に、「カーマ(Kāma)へ」を両腕の付け根に、そして「スシャーストラ(Suśāstra)へ」を腹に。

Verse 16

मन्मथायेति पादौ तु हरयेति च सर्वतः । पुष्पैः सम्पूज्य देवेशं मल्लिकाजातिभिस्तथा ॥ ५४.१६ ॥

次に、「マन्मタ(Manmatha)へ」と唱えて御足を礼拝し、また「ハリ(Hari)へ」と唱えて四方より礼拝する。さらに、マッリカー(mallikā)やジャーティー(jātī)などの花をもって、神々の主を正しく供養すべきである。

Verse 17

पश्चाच्चतुर आदाय इक्षुदण्डान् सुशोभनान् । चतुर्दिक्षु न्यसेत् तस्य देवस्य प्रणतो नृप ॥ ५४.१७ ॥

その後、王よ、見事な甘蔗(さとうきび)の茎を四本取り、その神に礼拝して、四方にそれを安置すべきである。

Verse 18

एवं कृत्वा प्रभाते तु प्रदद्याद् ब्राह्मणाय वै । वेदवेदाङ्गयुक्ताय सम्पूर्णाङ्गाय धीमते ॥ ५४.१८ ॥

このように行ったのち、夜明けにまことにその供物(施与)を、ヴェーダとヴェーダーンガを具え、身体の諸肢が整い、知慧にすぐれたバラモンに施すべきである。

Verse 19

ब्राह्मणांश्च तथा पूज्य व्रतमेतत् समापयेत् । एवं कृते तथा विष्णुर्भर्त्ता वो भविता ध्रुवम् ॥ ५४.१९ ॥

また同様にバラモンたちを敬い供養して、この誓戒(ヴラタ)を終えるべきである。かく行えば、ヴィシュヌは必ずや汝らの守護者・支えとなる。

Verse 20

अकृत्वा मत्प्रणामं तु पृष्टो गर्वेण शोभनाः । अवमानस्य तस्यायं विपाको वो भविष्यति ॥ ५४.२० ॥

「しかし汝らは—問いかけられながら—我に礼拝(プラナーマ)を捧げず、驕りをもって語った、あまねく輝ける者たちよ。ゆえに、これがその不敬の行いの果報(ヴィパーカ)として汝らに及ぶであろう。」

Verse 21

एतस्मिन्नेव सरसि अष्टावक्रो महामुनिः । तस्योपहासं कृत्वा तु शापं लप्स्यथ शोभनाः ॥ ५४.२१ ॥

このまさに池には、大牟尼アシュターヴァクラがいる。もし彼を嘲るなら、美しき者たちよ、汝らは呪詛を受けるであろう。

Verse 22

व्रतेनानेन देवेशं पतिं लब्ध्वाभिमानतः । अवमानेऽपहरणं गोपालैर्वो भविष्यति । पुरा हर्त्ता च कन्यानां देवो भर्त्ता भविष्यति ॥ ५४.२२ ॥

「この誓戒によって汝らは देवेश(神々の主)を夫として得た。だが慢心ゆえ、辱めを受けるとき、ゴーパーラ(牛飼い)たちによる略奪が汝らに起こるであろう。かつて乙女たちを奪い去ったその神こそが、(彼女らの)夫となる。」

Verse 23

अगस्त्य उवाच । एवमुक्त्वा स देवर्षिः प्रययौ नारदः क्षणात् । ता अप्येतद् व्रतं चक्रुस् तुष्टश्चासां स्वयं हरिः ॥ ५४.२३ ॥

アガスティヤは言った。「このように語り終えると、天の聖仙ナーラダはたちまち去った。彼女たちもまたこの誓戒(ヴラタ)を修し、ハリ(ヴィシュヌ)ご自身が彼女たちを嘉した。」

Inside Adhyaya 54

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Within the Varāha–Pṛthivī pedagogical horizon, Bhadrāśva approaches Agastya with a doctrinal-ritual question: which deity truly generates vijñāna (discernment/real knowledge) and by what mode of worship that deity is to be propitiated; the ethical subtext stresses that inquiry should begin with praṇāma rather than garva (self-regard).

  2. Central event

    Agastya identifies Viṣṇu/Nārāyaṇa as the universal recipient of worship and illustrates this through an exemplum: Nārada meets apsarases at Mānasasaras who desire Nārāyaṇa as husband; he rebukes their youthful pride and instructs them in the potency of nāma-kīrtana and in a specific vasanta śukla-dvādaśī Viṣṇu-vrata with night worship and vigil.

  3. Climax resolution

    The ritual is laid out as a complete vrata-vidhi—fasting, floral pavilion, installation and worship of a silver Hari with Lakṣmī, music and dance through jāgaraṇa, and concluding brāhmaṇa-dāna—paired with a moral warning that disrespect (avamāna) ripens into future suffering (foreshadowed via Aṣṭāvakra and gopālas); the apsarases perform the vow and Hari is pleased.

  4. Closing phalashruti

    No explicit, standalone phalaśruti formula is foregrounded in the provided summary; the implied fruit is husband-attainment/desired marital fulfillment through Hari’s pleasure, alongside the broader claim that even uttering Viṣṇu’s name yields efficacy and that reverence safeguards merit.

Geographical context

Mānasasaras (Mānasa-saras, sacred lake). No additional toponyms are specified in the provided passage.

Tirtha focus

  • Primary TirthaMānasasaras (Mānasa-saras)
  • Associated RegionHimālaya / Kailāsa–Mānasa sacred geography (trans-regional, often linked to Tibet in modern mapping)
  • Pilgrimage MeritMerit is conveyed indirectly: the sacred lake functions as a purity-amplifying locus where disciplined vrata, restraint, and reverent conduct become especially efficacious; the narrative implies that sacred waters and regulated worship together support siddhi (desired attainment) and protect against karmic reversal caused by disrespect.

Ritual instructions

  • Primary RitualVasanta Śukla-Dvādaśī Viṣṇu-vrata for securing a husband (Nārāyaṇa-prīti through rātri-pūjā and jāgaraṇa)
  • BenefitPrimary stated aim: securing a husband aligned with Nārāyaṇa’s grace (for the apsarases, Nārāyaṇa himself as desired spouse); broader benefits include cultivation of vijñāna through devotion, accumulation of merit through disciplined worship, and protection from adverse karmic outcomes by practicing humility and reverence.

The narrative frame

  • Agastya (reporting and teaching within the larger Varāha–Pṛthivī horizon)Bhadrāśva (primary inquirer); the exemplum features Nārada instructing the apsarases · Didactic and corrective: doctrinal clarity (Viṣṇu as sarvadeva-prabhu) combined with ethical admonition (against garva/avamāna) and practical ritual instruction (vrata-vidhi).

The emotional journey

  • Dominant RasaBhakti (devotional) with a strong nīti/śikṣā (moral-instruction) current
  • Emotional ProgressionCuriosity and doctrinal seeking → exposure of pride and social/ritual impropriety → admonition and reorientation toward humility → hopeful resolve through vrata discipline → reassurance through Hari’s pleasure, tempered by caution about disrespect.

Planning a pilgrimage

  • Visit FeasibilityTraditionally revered but logistically demanding: high-altitude, permit-sensitive region; many pilgrims access via organized routes, while others engage through local analogues (temple dvādaśī observance) when travel is impractical.
  • Best SeasonLate spring to early autumn (weather-dependent); the vrata itself is prescribed in vasanta (spring).
  • Modern Location NameLake Manasarovar (near Mount Kailash; commonly associated with Ngari Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region)
  • Related FestivalDvādaśī-centered Viṣṇu observances (e.g., general Hari-vāsara/Dvādaśī vrata traditions); locally, Kailash–Manasarovar pilgrimage season functions as the practical ‘festival’ cycle for the site.

Frequently Asked Questions

The text frames Viṣṇu/Nārāyaṇa as the central object of worship for those seeking vijñāna (discernment/knowledge) and emphasizes disciplined reverence: proper inquiry begins with praṇāma, while garva (pride) and avamāna (disrespect) generate adverse outcomes. It also advances a Purāṇic principle of nāma-kīrtana, presenting the utterance of Viṣṇu’s name as intrinsically efficacious within the narrative’s logic.

The vrata is specified for vasanta (spring), on a śukla-pakṣa dvādaśī (the 12th lunar day of the bright fortnight). The procedure includes upavāsa (fasting) and a night-time (niśāyām) worship of Hari with jāgaraṇa (vigil) supported by song, instrumental music, and dance.

Environmental stewardship is implicit rather than programmatic: the didactic scene is set at Mānasasaras, presenting a sacred water-body as a locus of ritual discipline and ethical instruction. In a Varāha–Pṛthivī interpretive frame, the chapter can be read as linking terrestrial spaces (lakes, groves, pavilions) to regulated human conduct—fasting, non-disruptive vigil, and offerings—thereby modeling how sacred landscapes are maintained through norms of restraint and respectful engagement.

The narrative references Bhadrāśva (questioner), Agastya (teacher), Nārada (devarṣi and instructor), and Aṣṭāvakra (mahāmuni) as a figure associated with a forthcoming curse tied to disrespect. It also mentions apsarases as a cultural class of celestial women and gopālas (cowherds) as future agents in the foretold consequence.

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