Rig Veda Sukta 4
Mandala 3Sukta 411 Mantras

Sukta 4

Sukta 3.4

Rishi

Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional for RV 3.4)

Chandas

Triṣṭubh

RV 3.4 ist ein Agni-Hymnus, der das Feuer als Hotṛ einsetzt – die priesterliche Stimme des Ritus – und ihn bittet, bei jedem Entzünden zu erwachen und die Götter zur Opfergabe herbeizuführen. Der Dichter webt eine vom Morgenlicht durchglühte Szenerie und eine harmonisierte Anrufung mehrerer Gottheiten, sodass das Opfer zu einer einzigen, wohlgeordneten Zusammenkunft göttlicher Mächte wird – zum Segen, zu rechtem Denken und zu Gedeihen.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.4

In this hymn

Addressed to

  • AgniMantras 1-5, 7, 10-11as Hotṛ and inviter of the gods

    Agni is the bright, purified fire kindled on fuel, the sacrificial priest who knows the ways of the gods and carries offerings to them while bringing them to the human rite.

  • UshasMantra 6Uṣas (dual), Mitra-Varuṇa, Indra with Maruts (a harmonized invocation of light, law, and force)
  • Bharati-Ilia-SarasvatiMantra 8Bhāratī-Iḷā-Sarasvatī (the triad of goddesses of inspired speech/illumination), with Agni as mediator
  • TvashtriMantra 9Tvaṣṭṛ (formative shaper), with the boon of producing a capable ‘vīra’

Mantras

Mantra 1

समित्समित्सुमना बोध्यस्मे शुचाशुचा सुमतिं रासि वस्वः । आ देव देवान्यजथाय वक्षि सखा सखीन्त्सुमना यक्ष्यग्ने ॥

An jedem Brennholz, bei jeder Anzündung: erwache in uns mit frohem Sinn; o Reiner, schenke uns den guten Gedanken, du Spender der Schätze. O Gott, führe die Götter zum Opfer; als Freund der Freunde, mit frohem Sinn, opfere, o Agni.

Mantra 2

यं देवासस्त्रिरहन्नायजन्ते दिवेदिवे वरुणो मित्रो अग्निः । सेमं यज्ञं मधुमन्तं कृधी नस्तनूनपाद्घृतयोनिं विधन्तम् ॥

Den, den die Götter dreimal am Tag verehren — Varuṇa, Mitra und Agni — mache uns dieses Opfer honigsüß, voll von Süße; o Tanūnapāt, begründe es: ein Ritus mit dem Schoß aus Ghee, wohlgeordnet in seinem Vollzug.

Mantra 3

प्र दीधितिर्विश्ववारा जिगाति होतारमिळः प्रथमं यजध्यै । अच्छा नमोभिर्वृषभं वन्दध्यै स देवान्यक्षदिषितो यजीयान् ॥

Vorwärts zieht die strahlende Eingebung, reich an allen Gaben, zum ersten der Priester, um zu opfern. Mit Verneigungen sucht sie den Stier zu preisen; er, angetrieben und der Opferwürdigste, hat den Göttern geopfert.

Mantra 4

ऊर्ध्वो वां गातुरध्वरे अकार्यूर्ध्वा शोचींषि प्रस्थिता रजांसि । दिवो वा नाभा न्यसादि होता स्तृणीमहि देवव्यचा वि बर्हिः ॥

Aufrecht ist euer Pfad im Opfer; emporgehoben sind die Flammen, in ihre Bahnen gestellt die Weiten. Vom Nabel des Himmels her hat der Hotṛ seinen Sitz genommen; weit breiten wir das Barhis, das heilige Gras, den allhinreichenden Sitz für die Götter.

Mantra 5

सप्त होत्राणि मनसा वृणाना इन्वन्तो विश्वं प्रति यन्नृतेन । नृपेशसो विदथेषु प्र जाता अभीमं यज्ञं वि चरन्त पूर्वीः ॥

Die sieben Hotṛ-Kräfte, im Geist erwählend, treiben alles zur Wahrheit hin, indem sie nach ṛta schreiten. Den Menschen gestaltend, in den Versammlungen geboren, umwandeln sie dieses Opfer auf vielerlei Wegen — die Uralten.

Mantra 6

आ भन्दमाने उषसा उपाके उत स्मयेते तन्वा विरूपे । यथा नो मित्रो वरुणो जुजोषदिन्द्रो मरुत्वाँ उत वा महोभिः ॥

Wenn die beiden Uṣas, herannahend, aufleuchten und mit ihrem Leib in verschiedenem Antlitz lächeln, — mögen Mitra und Varuṇa an uns Gefallen finden; und Indra, mit den Maruts, ebenso — durch seine großen Mächte.

Mantra 7

दैव्या होतारा प्रथमा न्यृञ्जे सप्त पृक्षासः स्वधया मदन्ति । ऋतं शंसन्त ऋतमित्त आहुरनु व्रतं व्रतपा दीध्यानाः ॥

Die göttlichen Hotṛ-Priester, die ersten, nehmen Platz; die sieben Starken frohlocken in ihrer svadhā. Ṛta verkündend, sprechen sie wahrlich ṛta; die Satzungen hütend, die Gelübde-Wahrer, lodern sie in innerem Streben, dem Gelübde folgend.

Mantra 8

आ भारती भारतीभिः सजोषा इळा देवैर्मनुष्येभिरग्निः । सरस्वती सारस्वतेभिरर्वाक्तिस्रो देवीर्बर्हिरेदं सदन्तु ॥

Her komme Bhāratī, mit den Bhāratīs in Eintracht; her komme Iḷā, mit Göttern und Menschen, durch Agni. Nahe trete Sarasvatī mit den Sarasvatas; mögen diese drei Göttinnen sich auf dieses Opfergras (barhis) hier, in unserer Mitte, setzen.

Mantra 9

तन्नस्तुरीपमध पोषयित्नु देव त्वष्टर्वि रराणः स्यस्व । यतो वीरः कर्मण्यः सुदक्षो युक्तग्रावा जायते देवकामः ॥

Jenes schnell antreibende Gedeihen sei uns, o Nährender; werde uns, o göttlicher Tvaṣṭṛ, weithin sich erfreuend. Von dir wird der Held geboren, werk-tüchtig, von guter Einsicht, mit angespannten Steinen (zum Pressen bereit), die Götter begehrend.

Mantra 10

वनस्पतेऽव सृजोप देवानग्निर्हविः शमिता सूदयाति । सेदु होता सत्यतरो यजाति यथा देवानां जनिमानि वेद ॥

O Vanaspati, Herr des Waldes, lass (das Holz) frei und bring die Götter herbei; Agni, der kundige Bereiter, richtet die Opfergabe zu. Dann opfert wahrlich der Hotṛ, der wahrhaftigere, denn er kennt die Geburten (Ursprünge und rechten Ordnungen) der Götter.

Mantra 11

आ याह्यग्ने समिधानो अर्वाङिन्द्रेण देवैः सरथं तुरेभिः । बर्हिर्न आस्तामदितिः सुपुत्रा स्वाहा देवा अमृता मादयन्ताम् ॥

Komm her, o Agni, entflammt, dich herwärts wendend, mit Indra und den Göttern auf einem Wagen, mit den schnellen Mächten. Möge uns das Barhis bereitet sein; möge Aditi, reich an guten Söhnen, hier sitzen. Svāhā — mögen die unsterblichen Götter sich erfreuen.

Inside Sukta 4

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Agni is urged to awaken with each kindling, to grant good thought and prosperity, and to summon the gods to the sacrifice (Hotṛ-function foregrounded).

  2. Development

    The hymn broadens from Agni’s ignition to a coordinated divine attendance—dawn imagery and the inclusion of Mitra–Varuṇa (order) and Indra–Maruts (force) create a complete sacrificial horizon.

  3. Climax

    Agni is called to come ‘hither’ kindled, together with Indra and the gods ‘in one chariot’, as the rite becomes a single united arrival of powers.

  4. Where it settles

    The ritual seat is established; Aditi is invoked for wholeness and good offspring; the svāhā seals the offering with the wish that the immortal gods rejoice.

The deity: Agni

  • Cosmic functionMediator between worlds: he conveys oblations upward, summons the deities to the altar, and establishes the yajña as a lawful, life-sustaining exchange.
  • Inner significanceThe awakened will and luminous intelligence in the practitioner—kindled repeatedly, it clarifies thought (sumati), gathers scattered powers, and makes inner offering possible.

The seer

  • Viśvāmitra GāthinaGāthin / Viśvāmitra lineage (Kauśika tradition in later accounts) · A royal-turned-seer celebrated for transforming power (tapas) into brahmanical insight, and for composing many hymns of the third Maṇḍala that shape the Vedic vision of Agni, Indra, and cosmic order.

Famous verses

samit-samit sumanā bodhi
Verse 3.4.1Sets the program of the whole sūkta: Agni’s repeated kindling, the gift of sumati (right thought), and his role as the inviter who brings the gods to the yajña.Read verse 3.4.1 →
आ भन्दमाने उषसा उपाके उत स्मयेते तन्वा विरूपे । यथा नो मित्रो वरुणो जुजोषदिन्द्रो मरुत्वाँ उत वा महोभिः ॥
Verse 3.4.6Places the rite in the dawn’s approach and explicitly harmonizes deities of order (Mitra–Varuṇa) and power (Indra with Maruts), showing the sūkta’s integrative character.Read verse 3.4.6 →
svāhā devā amṛtā mādayantām
Verse 3.4.11Concluding invocation and ritual sealing: Agni comes kindled with Indra and the gods; barhis and Aditi are established; svāhā marks the consummation of the offering.Read verse 3.4.11 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Hotṛ (ritual priest and reciter)
  • Dūta (messenger) between humans and gods
  • Śuci (pure, purifying)
  • Samidhāna (ever-kindled, awakened by fuel)
  • Sakhā (friend, ally) who unites companions
  • Inviter of the gods to the sacrifice

Also by this seer

  • Large portions of Rig Veda Maṇḍala 3 (numerous sūktas attributed to Viśvāmitra and his line)
  • Tradition associates the Gāyatrī mantra (RV 3.62.10) with Viśvāmitra
  • Hymns connected with Indra’s victories and the Bharata/Tr̥tsu milieu (as reflected across RV 3)

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the vedi and spread the barhis (sacred grass seat).
  • Kindle Agni with samidh (fuel-sticks), invoking him to awaken ‘at every fuel’.
  • Invite Agni as Hotṛ to bring the gods to the yajña and to ‘offer as friend of friends’.
  • Invoke dawn and the harmonious order of Mitra–Varuṇa, alongside Indra with the Maruts, to secure favor and right alignment.
  • Make the oblation with svāhā, requesting the immortals to rejoice and the rite to be firmly established (āstām).

Offerings

  • Ghee (ājya) oblations
  • Samidh (fuel-sticks)
  • Optional soma/pressed offering contextually (as part of broader rite)
  • Barhis (grass seat) as ritual furnishing rather than a poured offering

Frequently Asked Questions

It establishes Agni as the active priest of the sacrifice (Hotṛ), asking him to awaken when kindled, bring the gods to the ritual, and grant clear, auspicious thought and well-being.

Agni is the one who gathers the gods to the offering. The hymn names dawn (Uṣas), cosmic order (Mitra–Varuṇa), and victorious force (Indra with the Maruts) to make the sacrifice complete and balanced.

“Svāhā” is the ritual exclamation that seals an oblation. Here it also expresses the wish that the immortal gods accept the offering and rejoice, confirming the rite’s success.

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