
Sukta 3.4
Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional for RV 3.4)
Agni (as Hotṛ and inviter of the gods)
Triṣṭubh
RV 3.4 is an Agni-hymn that installs the fire as Hotṛ—the priestly voice of the rite—asking him to awaken with every kindling and to bring the gods to the offering. The poet weaves a dawn-lit setting and a harmonized invocation of multiple deities, so that the sacrifice becomes a single, well-ordered meeting of divine powers for blessing, right thought, and prosperity.
Mantra 1
समित्समित्सुमना बोध्यस्मे शुचाशुचा सुमतिं रासि वस्वः । आ देव देवान्यजथाय वक्षि सखा सखीन्त्सुमना यक्ष्यग्ने ॥
Kindle thyself at every fuel, become awakened in us with a glad mind; O pure one, give us the good thought, O dweller in riches. O god, bring the gods for the sacrifice; as friend of friends, with a glad mind, offer, O Agni.
Mantra 2
यं देवासस्त्रिरहन्नायजन्ते दिवेदिवे वरुणो मित्रो अग्निः । सेमं यज्ञं मधुमन्तं कृधी नस्तनूनपाद्घृतयोनिं विधन्तम् ॥
He whom the gods worship thrice a day—Varuṇa, Mitra, and Agni—make this our sacrifice full of sweetness; O Tanūnapāt, establish it, a rite with the womb of ghee, well-ordered in its workings.
Mantra 3
प्र दीधितिर्विश्ववारा जिगाति होतारमिळः प्रथमं यजध्यै । अच्छा नमोभिर्वृषभं वन्दध्यै स देवान्यक्षदिषितो यजीयान् ॥
Forward goes the radiant inspiration, rich in all boons, to the first of priests, to worship. With obeisances it seeks to praise the Bull; he, impelled and most worthy of sacrifice, has offered to the gods.
Mantra 4
ऊर्ध्वो वां गातुरध्वरे अकार्यूर्ध्वा शोचींषि प्रस्थिता रजांसि । दिवो वा नाभा न्यसादि होता स्तृणीमहि देवव्यचा वि बर्हिः ॥
Upright is your path in the sacrifice; uplifted are the flames, the spaces set in their courses. From the navel of heaven the Hotṛ has taken his seat; we spread wide the sacred grass, the all-reaching seat for the gods.
Mantra 5
सप्त होत्राणि मनसा वृणाना इन्वन्तो विश्वं प्रति यन्नृतेन । नृपेशसो विदथेषु प्र जाता अभीमं यज्ञं वि चरन्त पूर्वीः ॥
The seven priestly powers, choosing by the mind, impel all towards the Truth as they go by ṛta. Shaping the human being, born in the assemblies, they move in manifold ways around this sacrifice.
Mantra 6
आ भन्दमाने उषसा उपाके उत स्मयेते तन्वा विरूपे । यथा नो मित्रो वरुणो जुजोषदिन्द्रो मरुत्वाँ उत वा महोभिः ॥
As the two Dawns draw near, smiling in their differing forms, may Mitra and Varuṇa take delight in us; and Indra with the Maruts too, by their great powers.
Mantra 7
दैव्या होतारा प्रथमा न्यृञ्जे सप्त पृक्षासः स्वधया मदन्ति । ऋतं शंसन्त ऋतमित्त आहुरनु व्रतं व्रतपा दीध्यानाः ॥
The divine Hotṛ-priests, the first, take their seats; the seven strong ones rejoice in their own law of being. Proclaiming ṛta, they speak ṛta indeed; guarding the ordinances, they blaze in aspiration, following the vow.
Mantra 8
आ भारती भारतीभिः सजोषा इळा देवैर्मनुष्येभिरग्निः । सरस्वती सारस्वतेभिरर्वाक्तिस्रो देवीर्बर्हिरेदं सदन्तु ॥
Let Bhāratī come here with the Bharatis in one harmony; let Iḷā come with the gods and with men through Agni. Let Sarasvatī come near with the Sarasvatas; may these three goddesses sit upon this sacred seat (barhis) within us.
Mantra 9
तन्नस्तुरीपमध पोषयित्नु देव त्वष्टर्वि रराणः स्यस्व । यतो वीरः कर्मण्यः सुदक्षो युक्तग्रावा जायते देवकामः ॥
That swift-impelling increase, O nourishing One—become for us, O divine Tvaṣṭṛ, widely delighting. From you is born the hero fit for works, of good discernment, with the stones yoked (ready for pressing), desiring the gods (the higher powers).
Mantra 10
वनस्पतेऽव सृजोप देवानग्निर्हविः शमिता सूदयाति । सेदु होता सत्यतरो यजाति यथा देवानां जनिमानि वेद ॥
O Lord of the forest (the sacred wood), release and bring the gods near; Agni, the skilful preparer, readies the offering. Then indeed the Hotṛ, more true, performs the sacrifice, because he knows the births (origins and right modes) of the gods.
Mantra 11
आ याह्यग्ने समिधानो अर्वाङिन्द्रेण देवैः सरथं तुरेभिः । बर्हिर्न आस्तामदितिः सुपुत्रा स्वाहा देवा अमृता मादयन्ताम् ॥
Come, O Agni, kindled, turning hither with Indra and the gods in one chariot, with the swift powers. Let our sacred seat be established; let Aditi, rich in good offspring, be here. Svāhā—may the immortal gods take joy (in the offering and in our inner increase).
It establishes Agni as the active priest of the sacrifice (Hotṛ), asking him to awaken when kindled, bring the gods to the ritual, and grant clear, auspicious thought and well-being.
Agni is the one who gathers the gods to the offering. The hymn names dawn (Uṣas), cosmic order (Mitra–Varuṇa), and victorious force (Indra with the Maruts) to make the sacrifice complete and balanced.
“Svāhā” is the ritual exclamation that seals an oblation. Here it also expresses the wish that the immortal gods accept the offering and rejoice, confirming the rite’s success.