Atharva Veda Anuvaka 2
Kanda 310 Suktas78 Mantras

Anuvaka 2

主题:通过祭仪技术来确立与守护生命——健康、家宅、生计、繁衍与社会秩序;其方法在于为关键空间(住宅、圣水、牛栏、田地)行祝圣,并赋能人的能动性(贸易、爱情、战争)。子题:从消耗病与死亡中解脱(自 yakṣma/mṛtyu 得解脱);以圣水(Āpas)净化并疗愈;祝圣房屋与门槛以求安定与兴盛;使牛群在牛舍/牛栏(goṣṭha)内和合并受护;贸易与旅行的顺遂。

Kinds of charm

Paushtika (prosperity): 5Bhaishajya (healing): 2Abhicharika (against foes): 2Shantika (pacifying): 1

Suktas in Anuvaka 2

Sukta 11

《阿闼婆吠陀》3.11为一首“药治”(bhaiṣajya)之“解脱/释放”(mocana)赞歌,旨在使病者从痨病/消耗病(yakṣma)、“攫持之灵”所致的痉挛与附缚(grahi),以及诸般“死亡结局”(mṛtyu)的形态中松脱出来,复归呼吸、精力与长寿。其法在于点名敌对之力,辨识其“攫持/绳套”,继而祈请更高的神圣权威——尤以因陀罗—阿耆尼与布里哈斯帕提为主——断其缚结,使出入之气(prāṇa–apāna)重新安置于身中。

Rishi: Atharvanic healer tradition (often Atharvan/Angirasic attribution for bhaiṣajya hymns) | Devata: Indra-Agni; also implicitly Yakṣma and Grahi as adversarial agents | 8 Mantras

Sukta 12

《阿闼婆吠陀》3.12 为安宅立舍之赞歌:以ṛta(正法/宇宙秩序)与光辉的秩序(virāj)为神圣之力,仪式性地“造成”并安立śālā(厅堂/居所),使之成为稳固、仁善而兴盛的住处。祝福屋柱与栋梁(脊梁木)坚立不动,驱退侵扰家宅者与诸敌,保得长寿——“百个秋季”——并赐财富与子嗣无伤。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (house-consecration hymn; r̥ṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī) | Devata: Gṛha/Śālā and the consecrated house-timbers (with Ṛta/Virāj as sacral power) | 9 Mantras

Sukta 13

这首简短的《阿闼婆吠陀》赞歌将诸水(Āpas/诸河)奉为原初的净化者:它们由神力所赢得,具备洗除污秽与疗愈的本性;只要忆念其真实名号与起源传说,便能唤发其医治之力。诗中追述伐楼那(Varuṇa)的推动与因陀罗(Indra)“赢得诸水”的神话,使寻常之水转为承载普拉那(prāṇa,生命气息)与瓦尔恰斯(varcas,生命光辉)的媒介,用于洁净、护卫与复原。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (ṛṣi not securely fixed for this individual mantra in common indices) | Devata: Āpas (Waters), with mythic linkage to Varuṇa and Indra | 7 Mantras

Sukta 14

此篇增益(Paustika)赞歌将牛栏/牛舍(goṣṭha)确立为具仪式力的中心之所,使牛群在主人的守护下得以聚集、安住并相互系属,和合而不离散。其旨在防止走散,护持兴旺与繁殖,并使牛舍转化为持续涌出的财实(rayi)与安泰福祉(subhūti)之源,尤着力于新生之际与牛群再度合群这一脆弱关头。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition | Devata: Goṣṭha / Rayi (functional deities: cowshed/wealth), with implicit cattle-prosperity powers | 6 Mantras

Sukta 15

此颂为商旅启行之咒:在因陀罗的统领下,以仪式“发动”贸易与行旅,祈愿道路清净通达,远离敌对之力与偶发的祸害、恶作剧。又使资财本身得以神圣化——祈求所携赴市之物归来时增益繁盛;并由阿耆尼以供献安立天恩,护持行者免于竞争对手之侵扰及邻里之害。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (commercial/travel charms) | Devata: Indra | 8 Mantras

Sukta 16

这首求富(Paustika)赞歌把黎明女神乌莎斯(Uṣas)的临界之力化为祭仪的传送者,使“福分”之神薄伽(Bhaga)——即个人被分配到的份额、应得之利与可享的繁荣——进入施主/行祭者的生命。诗中将繁荣界定为诸神所分配的“份额”(bhaga),不分尊卑皆可获得,并祈请薄伽如开路的领袖般走在修行者之前,使一切事业顺遂。其措辞借用《梨俱吠陀》式的黎明意象(战车、夺奖的骏马),令吉庆在一天与仪式伊始便迅疾而显明地到来。

Rishi: Traditionally Atharvanic seer(s) associated with Uṣas/Bhaga prosperity hymns (Saunaka anukramaṇī attribution varies by hymn-unit). | Devata: Uṣas (Dawns), Bhaga (Fortune/Distributor), with Dadhikrāvan as simile-power | 7 Mantras

Sukta 17

这首田野(kṣetra)赞歌为耕作之举与犁沟女神悉多(Sītā)行以祝圣,使田地成为承载养分、雨露湿润与持续增长的器皿。借由涂膏与“认可/准许”的意象(诸神 Viśve Devāḥ、风暴神群 Maruts),它把农事劳作转化为蒙神明批准的仪式,从而带来如乳般的丰盈(payas)、富含酥油之力(ghṛta),以及兴盛的庄稼。

Rishi: Traditionally Atharvanic/Angirasa attribution for kṣetra-hymns (varies by anukramaṇī). | Devata: Sītā (Furrow), with Maruts and Viśve Devāḥ as sanctioning powers | 9 Mantras

Sukta 18

《阿闼婆吠陀》3.18是一则简短的阿闼婆系咒法,动员药草/林木之力(oṣadhi/vanaspati)与强制性的咒语之势,驱逐争宠的共妻(情敌),以确保独占的婚姻依附。此颂将一项实用仪式(掘取并施用具力之草药)与社会—空间的压制公式(“我在上;她在下”)相结合,并以导心的意象使丈夫的爱恋如水循其道般流向施术者。

Rishi: Atharvanic seer (often anonymous/Angirasa in anukramaṇī for such charms; varies). | Devata: Oṣadhi/Vanaspati (plant-power) as operative deity | 6 Mantras

Sukta 19

《阿闼婆吠陀》3.19是一首简短的武战咒,凭借阿闼婆那式的梵力为国王的军队与兵器行灌顶加持,使之比神圣典范——阿耆尼之斧、因陀罗之金刚杵——更为锋利,从而在战场上势不可当。此咒一面羞辱并耗竭敌军,一面在祭司长(purohita)的权威之下抬举己方,最终以直接的“飞弹—咒语”收束:遣出经咒磨砺之箭,令其击倒敌方勇将,使之无从逃脱。

Rishi: Atharvanic seer (traditional attribution within AV war/host hymns; specific r̥ṣi varies by anukramaṇī tradition) | Devata: Indra (victory), Agni (fiery sharpness), and the empowered host/weapons as functional recipients | 8 Mantras

Sukta 20

《阿闼婆吠陀》3.20 为一首求繁荣(rayi)的颂歌,并将富足与社会和合相连:财富应由如法点燃的祭祀之力而生,并在集会中以自愿的慷慨流转。诗中祈请神圣的“同队”——阿耆尼(作为祭座与增益者)以及因陀罗–伐由(作为力量与生命之息的合一权能)——使众人同心而坐,远离派系纷争,乐于施与。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (sūkta attributed in the AV to an Atharvan/Āṅgirasa stream; exact r̥ṣi varies by anukramaṇī) | Devata: Indra–Vāyu (dual) | 10 Mantras

Deities of Anuvaka 2

  • ApasĀpas (Waters / Rivers)

    Healer/purifier

    In 1 hymn

  • Indra

    Protector/warrior-leader

    In 2 hymns

  • UshasUṣas

    Bringer of fortune

    In 1 hymn

  • Bhaga

    Distributor of prosperity

    In 1 hymn

  • SitaSītā (Furrow)

    Fertility-bringer

    In 1 hymn

  • Agni

    Consecrator/empowerer

    In 1 hymn

  • VarunaVaruṇa

    Guardian of ṛta/purifier

    In 1 hymn

  • Viraj / RitaVirāj / Ṛta (cosmic order, as invoked)

    Stabilizer/consecrator

    In 1 hymn

Inside Anuvaka 2

The theme

Ritual technologies for securing life—health, home, livelihood, fertility, and social order—by consecrating key spaces (house, waters, byre, field) and empowering human agency (trade, love, war).

Threads through it

  • Release from wasting disease and death (mocana from yakṣma/mṛtyu)
  • Purification and healing through sacred Waters (Āpas)
  • House and threshold consecration for stability and prosperity
  • Cattle cohesion and protection within the goṣṭha/byre
  • Trade and travel launch-charm for safe gain
  • Dawn as conveyor of Bhaga (allotted fortune)
  • Field/ploughing consecration and Sītā (furrow) for increase
  • Co-wife expulsion and exclusive conjugal attachment via plant-power
  • Royal/host martial consecration and weapon-sharpening through brahman
  • Wealth linked to assembly-harmony and generous circulation

Who it serves

Illness-recovery and longevity; purifying bath/river rites; moving into or stabilizing a dwelling; keeping cattle settled and safe; launching journeys and commerce; attracting fortune at daybreak; ensuring agricultural yield; resolving marital rivalry; empowering a king’s army; building prosperity with social concord.

What it heals

  • Yakṣma (wasting disease), grahi-seizure, threat of mṛtyu; loss of breath/vitalitySukta 3.11
  • Need for purification, removal of impurity and illness through water-ritesSukta 3.13
  • Marital rivalry (co-wife), loss of exclusive attachment; household relational conflictSukta 3.18
  • Fear of attack/defeat; need to harden and empower weapons and hostSukta 3.19
  • Instability in dwelling (inauspiciousness, lack of settled prosperity)Sukta 3.12
  • Cattle scattering, discord in the byre; loss/theft risk around livestockSukta 3.14
  • Travel and trade obstacles; road-danger, hostile forces, bad luck in commerceSukta 3.15
  • Agricultural uncertainty; need for rain-moisture and steady increase in the fieldSukta 3.17
  • Lack of fortune/portion (bhāga), delayed prosperity and daily successSukta 3.16, 3.20

Frequently Asked Questions

They apply Atharvanic mantra to stabilize core supports of life—health and longevity, purified space, home and cattle, trade and travel, agricultural increase, marital control, martial power, and prosperity in the assembly.

3.16 brings Bhaga through Uṣas (daily fortune), 3.20 frames wealth as socially harmonized and ritually generated, 3.15 supports trade and travel, 3.17 consecrates ploughing and the furrow for yield, and 3.14 stabilizes cattle-wealth in the byre.

Yes. Healing and purification are central in 3.11 (release from yakṣma/mṛtyu) and 3.13 (Waters as purifiers), while coercive aims appear in 3.18 (expelling a rival co-wife) and 3.19 (martial consecration to overpower enemies).

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