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Rishi: Traditionally Atharvanic seer(s) associated with Uṣas/Bhaga prosperity hymns (Saunaka anukramaṇī attribution varies by hymn-unit).
Devata: Uṣas (Dawns), Bhaga (Fortune/Distributor), with Dadhikrāvan as simile-power
Chandas: Jagatī-like cadence (mixed; Atharvanic adaptation of RV-style dawn diction)
这首求富(Paustika)赞歌把黎明女神乌莎斯(Uṣas)的临界之力化为祭仪的传送者,使“福分”之神薄伽(Bhaga)——即个人被分配到的份额、应得之利与可享的繁荣——进入施主/行祭者的生命。诗中将繁荣界定为诸神所分配的“份额”(bhaga),不分尊卑皆可获得,并祈请薄伽如开路的领袖般走在修行者之前,使一切事业顺遂。其措辞借用《梨俱吠陀》式的黎明意象(战车、夺奖的骏马),令吉庆在一天与仪式伊始便迅疾而显明地到来。
Mantra 1
स्वस्तये प्रार्थना। प्रा॒तर॒ग्निं प्रा॒तरिन्द्रं॑ हवामहे प्रा॒तर्मि॒त्रावरु॑णा प्रा॒तर॒श्विना॑ । प्रा॒तर्भगं॑ पू॒षणं॒ ब्रह्म॑ण॒स्पतिं॑ प्रा॒तः सोम॑मु॒त रु॒द्रं ह॑वामहे
清晨我们呼请阿耆尼(Agni);清晨我们呼请因陀罗(Indra);清晨呼请密多罗与伐楼那(Mitra-Varuṇa);清晨呼请阿湿毗那双神(Aśvins)。清晨呼请婆伽(Bhaga)、补沙(Pūṣan)与梵摩那斯波提(Brahmaṇaspati);清晨也呼请苏摩(Soma)与鲁陀罗(Rudra)。
Mantra 2
प्रा॒त॒र्जितं॒ भग॑मु॒ग्रं ह॑वामहे व॒यं पु॒त्रमदि॑ते॒र्यो वि॑ध॒र्ता। आ॒ध्रश्चि॒द् यं मन्य॑मानस्तु॒रश्चि॒द् राजा॑ चि॒द् यं भगं॑ भ॒क्षीत्याह॑
清晨我们呼请那已得胜、威猛的婆伽(Bhaga)——我们呼请阿底提(Aditi)之子、立法安置者。即便贫乏之人自以为“他属于我”,即便强健之人,乃至君王,也都说要分食那婆伽的份。
Mantra 3
भग॒ प्रणे॑त॒र्भग॒ सत्य॑राधो॒ भगे॒मां धिय॒मुद॑वा॒ दद॑न्नः । भग॒ प्र णो॑ जनय॒ गोभि॒रश्वै॒र्भग॒ प्र नृभि॑र्नृ॒वन्तः॑ स्याम
婆伽(Bhaga),我们的引导者;婆伽,赐福不失者——婆伽啊,请扶持这祈念,施与我们。婆伽啊,以牛与马使我们增益;婆伽啊,以人丁使我们兴盛——愿我们富于人众。
Mantra 4
उ॒तेदानीं॒ भग॑वन्तः स्यामो॒त प्र॑पि॒त्व उ॒त मध्ये॒ अह्ना॑म्। उ॒तोदि॑तौ मघव॒न्त्सूर्य॑स्य व॒यं दे॒वानां॑ सुम॒तौ स्या॑म
并且如今,愿我们得享福分;也在往昔,也在诸日之中。又在太阳升起之时,慷慨者啊,愿我们安住于诸神的善意之中。
Mantra 5
भग॑ ए॒व भग॑वाँ अस्तु दे॒वस्तेना॑ व॒यं भग॑वन्तः स्याम । तं त्वा॑ भग॒ सर्व॒ इज्जो॑हवीमि॒ स नो॑ भग पुरए॒ता भ॑वे॒ह
唯有婆伽——愿此神确为“福者”;由此,愿我们也成有福之人。婆伽啊,我确实一再呼唤你——众人皆如此呼唤你:婆伽啊,愿你在此作我们的前导、走在前面。
Mantra 6
सम॑ध्व॒रायो॒षसो॑ नमन्त दधि॒क्रावे॑व॒ शुच॑ये प॒दाय॑ । अ॒र्वा॒ची॒नं व॑सु॒विदं॒ भगं॑ मे॒ रथ॑मि॒वाश्वा॑ वा॒जिन॒ आ व॑हन्तु
为此祭仪,愿诸曙光一同俯首,如达提克拉梵(Dadhikrāvan)向那光洁的行迹致敬。愿那夺胜的骏马如以战车载运一般,向我驶来,带来巴伽(Bhaga)——寻得财富者,即福分与命运之份。
Mantra 7
अश्वा॑वती॒र्गोम॑तीर्न उ॒षा॑सो॑ वी॒रव॑तीः॒ सद॑मुछन्तु भ॒द्राः । घृ॒तं दुहा॑ना वि॒श्वतः॒ प्रपी॑ता यू॒यं पा॑त स्व॒स्तिभिः॒ सदा॑ नः
马丰、牛丰、勇士丰的诸曙光啊,愿吉祥者日日为我们照耀;挤出酥油(ghṛta),从四方得以充足满足。愿你们以安泰的祝福,恒常护佑我们。
Bhaga is an Āditya who distributes each person’s rightful portion—wealth, food, enjoyment, and success. The hymn treats prosperity as an allotted share that can be invoked at dawn.
Dawn is the threshold that ‘opens the path’ for the day and for the rite. By aligning the recitation with first light, the hymn makes fortune arrive at the beginning, when outcomes are being set in motion.
Recite it facing east at dawn, keep a small portion of food or ghee as the symbolic ‘share,’ offer a little, and then partake of the rest. If starting a venture, ask Bhaga to go before you (puraetā) and then begin the work immediately after recitation.
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