Sukta 39
Sukta 4.39
Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional for many hymns in Maṇḍala 4; this Dadhikrā praise belongs to the same family collection)
Triṣṭubh
ບົດສະຫຼອງນີ້ມີຫົກວັດຈະລາຍໄດ້ສັນລະເຊີຍທັດທິກະລານ, ອັດສະວະເດີນທາງທີ່ໄວວາ ແລະ ມີຊັບຊາດ, ຂໍໃຫ້ຄວາມໄວ ແລະ ພະລັງແຫ່ງຊັບຊາດຂອງລາວນໍາພາຜູ້ຮ້ອຍເພງຂ້າມຜ່ານອັນຕະລາຍ ແລະ ເສ້ນທາງທີ່ລໍາບາກ. ອຸສາດ, ເທວະດາແຫ່ງລຸ່ນເຊົ້າ, ຖືກອວຍພະຍານເປັນຜູ້ປຸກລະດົນ ຜູ້ປຸກຈິດວິນຍານໃຫ້ເຄື່ອນໄຫວຢ່າງຖືກຕ້ອງ, ໃນຂະນະທີ່ບົດສະຫຼອງຂະຫຍາຍເປັນຄໍາອະທິຖານເພື່ອຄວາມສະຫງົບສຸກ ແລະ ຄວາມຄຸ້ມຄອງປ້ອງກັນ, ໂດຍຮຽກຮ້ອງເທວະດາທີ່ເປັນພັນທະມິດຢ່າງສັ້ນໆ ເພື່ອຮັບປະກັນສະວັດຕິຍະພາບ. ບົດສະຫຼອງສິ້ນສຸດດ້ວຍຄວາມຫວັງທີ່ຫັນປ່ຽນ: ທັດທິກະລານຖືກຂໍໃຫ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ສ່ວນຫນ້າຂອງຈິດວິນຍານມີກິ່ນຫອມ ແລະ ສະຫວ່າງສະຫວັດດີ, ແລະ ນໍາພາພະລັງຊີວິດໃຫ້ກ້າວໄປຂ້າມຜ່ານຂີດຈໍາກັດຕ່າງໆ.
In this hymn
Addressed to
Mantras
Mantra 1
आशुं दधिक्रां तमु नु ष्टवाम दिवस्पृथिव्या उत चर्किराम । उच्छन्तीर्मामुषसः सूदयन्त्वति विश्वानि दुरितानि पर्षन् ॥
ທ່ານທາທິກຣາຜູ້ວ່ອງໄວ - ພວກເຮົາຈະສັນລະເສີນພະອົງໃນບັດນີ້, ແລະ ພວກເຮົາຈະປະກາດພະອົງຈາກສະຫວັນແລະຈາກແຜ່ນດິນ. ຂໍໃຫ້ອຸສາໃຕ້ທີ່ກຳລັງຂຶ້ນຈົ່ງປຸກເຮົາ, ແລະ ຂໍໃຫ້ພວກນາງນຳພາເຮົາຂ້າມພົ້ນທຸກເສັ້ນທາງທີ່ລຳບາກແລະການເຄື່ອນໄຫວທີ່ຜິດພາດ.
Mantra 2
महश्चर्कर्म्यर्वतः क्रतुप्रा दधिक्राव्णः पुरुवारस्य वृष्णः । यं पूरुभ्यो दीदिवांसं नाग्निं ददथुर्मित्रावरुणा ततुरिम् ॥
ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າປະກາດຄວາມຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ຂອງມ້າທ່ານທາທິກຣາວັນ, ຜູ້ເປັນພະຍາຕາຂອງພະຄຸນງາມຫຼາຍ, ຜູ້ເຕີມເຕັມຄວາມປະສົງດ້ວຍພະລັງ. ພະອົງ - ຜູ້ສະຫວ່າງແສນດັ່ງໄຟ - ທ່ານມິຕຣະແລະທ່ານວະຣຸນ, ໄດ້ປະທານໃຫ້ແກ່ປະຊາຊົນຫຼາຍເຜົ່າເປັນຜູ້ຜ່ານພົ້ນອັນວ່ອງໄວ.
Mantra 3
यो अश्वस्य दधिक्राव्णो अकारीत्समिद्धे अग्ना उषसो व्युष्टौ । अनागसं तमदितिः कृणोतु स मित्रेण वरुणेना सजोषाः ॥
ຜູ້ໃດທີ່ໄດ້ສ້າງການບູຊາສຳລັບທ່ານທາທິກຣາວັນ, ພະລັງມ້າ, ເມື່ອພະອັຄນີຖືກຈູດຂຶ້ນໃນຍາມອຸສາໃຫມ່ເປີດກວ້າງ - ຂໍໃຫ້ພະນາງອາທິຕິຈົ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ຜູ້ນັ້ນປອດຈາກບາບພາຍໃນ; ຂໍໃຫ້ຜູ້ນັ້ນດຳລົງຊີວິດຢ່າງກົມກຽວກັບທ່ານມິຕຣະແລະທ່ານວະຣຸນ.
Mantra 4
दधिक्राव्ण इष ऊर्जो महो यदमन्महि मरुतां नाम भद्रम् । स्वस्तये वरुणं मित्रमग्निं हवामह इन्द्रं वज्रबाहुम् ॥
ເນື່ອງຈາກພວກເຮົາໄດ້ຍຶດຖືທ່ານທາທິກຣາວັນເປັນຄວາມສົມບູນອັນຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ຂອງອາຫານແລະພະລັງ, ແລະ ໄດ້ຖືຊື່ອັນເປັນມງຄົນຂອງພະມາຣຸດໃນຈິດໃຈ, ເພື່ອສຸຂະພາບພາຍໃນຂອງພວກເຮົາ, ພວກເຮົາຮຽກຫາທ່ານວະຣຸນແລະທ່ານມິຕຣະ, ພະອັຄນີ, ແລະ ພະອິນທຣະຜູ້ມີພະກະສັດຕະເປັນອາວຸດ.
Mantra 5
इन्द्रमिवेदुभये वि ह्वयन्त उदीराणा यज्ञमुपप्रयन्तः । दधिक्रामु सूदनं मर्त्याय ददथुर्मित्रावरुणा नो अश्वम् ॥
ດັ່ງດັງວ່າກຳລັງຮຽກຫາພະອິນທຣະ, ທັງສອງຝ່າຍຮຽກຫາ, ລຸກຂຶ້ນແລະກ້າວໄປສູ່ການບູຊາ. ທ່ານມິຕຣະແລະທ່ານວະຣຸນໄດ້ປະທານໃຫ້ພວກເຮົາສຳລັບການເດີນທາງຂອງມະນຸດ, ທ່ານທາທິກຣາວັນ, ມ້າຜູ້ຊຸບຊັນທີ່ນຳພາພວກເຮົາສູ່ຊັຍຕາ.
Mantra 6
दधिक्राव्णो अकारिषं जिष्णोरश्वस्य वाजिनः । सुरभि नो मुखा करत्प्र ण आयूंषि तारिषत् ॥
ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າໄດ້ສ້າງຄຳສັດທາສຳລັບທ່ານທາທິກຣາວັນ, ສຳລັບມ້າຜູ້ຊະນະແຫ່ງຄວາມສົມບູນ. ຂໍໃຫ້ພະອົງຈົ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ໜ້າຂອງພວກເຮົາຫອມຫວນແລະສະຫວ່າງ; ຂໍໃຫ້ພະອົງຈົ່ງນຳພາພະລັງຊີວິດຂອງພວກເຮົາຂ້າມພົ້ນການຂ້າມທີ່ຈຳກັດ.
Inside Sukta 39
How it unfolds
- Where it opens
A direct proclamation of praise to the swift Dadhikrā, voiced ‘from Heaven and Earth,’ coupled with the request that the rising Dawns awaken the singer and ferry him beyond all duritāni.
- Development
Dadhikrā is contemplated as nourishment and force (iṣ/ūrj), and the hymn broadens into a well-being frame (svasti), briefly summoning major protective and ordering powers—Maruts, Mitra–Varuṇa, Agni, and Indra.
- Climax
The recognition of Dadhikrāvan as a great plenitude and protective momentum, sufficient to ground a comprehensive invocation of cosmic supports for inner and outer safety.
- Where it settles
The hymn ends with a crafted offering of speech to the conquering steed and a final boon: may he make the leading edge of life fragrant/bright and carry the life-forces forward across limiting crossings.
The deity: Dadhikrāvan
- In the VedaHe is linked with auspiciousness and with the morning awakening, as the Dawns rouse the worshipper to align with his victorious momentum.
- Cosmic functionHe embodies victorious speed and the power of safe crossing—driving the chariot of life through peril, opening paths, and securing prosperity and well-being in the day’s course.
- Inner significancePsychologically, Dadhikrāvan signifies the awakened life-force and disciplined impulse that turns aspiration into effective action: the power that carries the mind beyond wrong turns (duritāni) and establishes a clear, luminous ‘front’ (mukhā) for right movement.
The seer
- Vāmadeva GautamaGautama gotra (Vāmadeva family of Maṇḍala 4) · A principal seer of the Fourth Maṇḍala, renowned for hymns that unite heroic vitality with inner awakening—often reading the gods as powers that lift the human being beyond obstruction (duritāni).
Famous verses
ati viśvāni duritāni parṣan
svastaye varuṇam mitram agniṃ havāmaha
surabhi no mukhā karat
Attributes of the deity
- Swift (āśu)
- Conquering/victorious (jiṣṇu)
- Vigorous, plenitude-bearing (vājín)
- Protector in crossings and difficult passages
- Awakening ally of Uṣas (Dawns)
- Bringer of svasti (well-being) and auspiciousness
Also by this seer
- A large portion of Rigveda Maṇḍala 4 is attributed to Vāmadeva and his family line
- Hymns to Indra, Agni, and the Viśve Devāḥ in RV 4 (family collection)
- Tradition also remembers Vāmadeva as a paradigmatic ṛṣi of inspired speech (brahman) and victorious prayer (stotra)
The rite, step by step
- Begin at dawn (or before sunrise) with a brief saṅkalpa for safe passage and right movement
- Kindle or honor the household fire (Agni) or a lamp; establish a clean, quiet space
- Recite RV 4.39 sequentially, emphasizing the opening praise of Dadhikrā and the request to pass beyond duritāni
- Optionally add a short invocation for svasti calling the allied deities named in the hymn (Mitra–Varuṇa, Agni, Indra, Maruts)
- Conclude with a closing prayer that the ‘front’ (mukhā) be made surabhi—clear, auspicious, and fit for leadership—and that life-powers move forward
Offerings
- Ghee or sesame oil into fire (if performing a homa-style offering)
- Milk/curds or simple white offerings symbolically resonant with horse/strength and morning freshness
- Water libation (ācamanīya/arghya) at dawn
- Flowers or fragrant substances (as a gesture aligned with surabhi)
Frequently Asked Questions
Dadhikrāvan is a divine “steed-power” praised for swift, conquering movement. In this hymn he represents victorious momentum that protects the worshipper and carries them safely beyond obstacles.
Uṣas are asked to “awaken” the singer as they rise. Dawn symbolizes the start of right action and clear perception, helping the worshipper move beyond wrong turns and difficult passages.
The hymn repeatedly seeks safe passage beyond duritāni (hard crossings, errors, dangers) and asks for svasti (well-being). It concludes by praying that the leading edge of life and consciousness be made auspicious and that the life-forces move forward.
Ask anything about Sukta 39 of the Rig Veda
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