Rig Veda Sukta 39
Mandala 3Sukta 399 Mantras

Sukta 39

Sukta 3.39

Rishi

Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3)

Chandas

Triṣṭubh

ບົດສວານທຣິສະຕຶບນີ້ຖືກຖວາຍແດ່ອິນທຣະ ນຳສະເໜີບົດສວານແຫ່ງຄວາມຄິດອັນດົນທຣັດ ທີ່ລຸກຂຶ້ນຈາກຫົວໃຈສູ່ພຣະຜູ້ເປັນເຈົ້າ ຂໍໃຫ້ພຣະອົງຈົ່ງຮັບຮູ້ ແລະ ປຸກພະລັງຂອງພຣະອົງເອງພາຍໃນຜູ້ບູຊາຍາດ. ມັນລະນຶກເຖິງການກະທຳຄວາມຈິງຂອງອິນທຣະ ໃນການຄົ້ນພົບດວງຕາວິທຽນທີ່ເຊື່ອງຢູ່ ພ້ອມກັບນວາຄວາ ແລະ ທາຊາຄວາ - ແສງສະຫວ່າງທີ່ຟື້ນຟູຈາກຄວາມມືດ - ຈາກນັ້ນກໍ່ຫັນມາເປັນການອອກອະນຸຊົນໃນປັດຈຸບັນ ຂໍໃຫ້ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອໃນການຕໍ່ສູ້ ເພື່ອຊະນະຜູ້ຂັດຂວາງ ແລະ ເພື່ອໄດ້ຮັບຄວາມຮັ່ງມີ ແລະ ຄວາມສຸກສະຫວັກ.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.39

In this hymn

Addressed to

  • IndraMantras 1-7, 9

    Indra is the Maghavan (bountiful giver), nṛtama (most manly/heroic), the slayer of Vṛtra and other obstructions, and the discoverer of light, one who hears the call of praise and comes to the soma-pressing and the battle alike.

  • VasusMantra 8with Indra still in hymn-context, this verse explicitly names Vasus

Mantras

Mantra 1

इन्द्रं मतिर्हृद आ वच्यमानाच्छा पतिं स्तोमतष्टा जिगाति । या जागृविर्विदथे शस्यमानेन्द्र यत्ते जायते विद्धि तस्य ॥

ຕໍ່ອິນທຣ໌ ຄວາມຄິດອັນເປັນສຽງສວຍສັນຫາ ທີ່ກ່າວອອກມາຈາກໃຈ, ໄປສູ່ທາງຊື່ - ສູ່ພຣະຜູ້ເປັນເຈົ້າ. ນາງຜູ້ຕື່ນຢູ່ ແລະ ສະຫວ່າງໃນການຊອກຫາ, ໄດ້ຖືກປະກາດ: ໂອ ອິນທຣ໌, ສິ່ງໃດກຳລັງເກີດຂຶ້ນໃນຕົວພຣະອົງ, ຈົ່ງຮູ້ວ່າເປັນການສະແດງຂອງພຣະອົງ ພາຍໃນຕົວພວກເຮົາ.

Mantra 2

दिवश्चिदा पूर्व्या जायमाना वि जागृविर्विदथे शस्यमाना । भद्रा वस्त्राण्यर्जुना वसाना सेयमस्मे सनजा पित्र्या धीः ॥

ແມ່ນແຕ່ສະຫວັນ ນາງກໍເກີດ, ບູຮານແຕ່ສ້າງໃໝ່ສະເໝີ; ຕື່ນຢູ່ ນາງຂະຫຍາຍອອກໃນການຊອກຫາ ເມື່ອນາງຖືກກ່າວ. ສວມພານອັນເປັນສີຂາວສະຫວ່າງ ອັນເປັນມົງຄົນ, ປັນຍາອັນເກີດຈາກບູພົບນີ້ - ອັນເກົ່າແກ່ໃນບູພົບ - ໄດ້ກາຍເປັນຂອງພວກເຮົາທີ່ນີ້.

Mantra 3

यमा चिदत्र यमसूरसूत जिह्वाया अग्रं पतदा ह्यस्थात् । वपूंषि जाता मिथुना सचेते तमोहना तपुषो बुध्न एता ॥

ແມ່ນແຕ່ທີ່ນີ້, ບ່ອນທີ່ພະລັງຄູ່ອັນບັງຄັບເກີດ, ປາຍລີ້ນອັນຢູ່ທາງຫນ້າ ໄດ້ພັດອອກມາ ແລະ ຕັ້ງຢູ່. ຮູບຊົງທີ່ເກີດເປັນພະລັງຄູ່ ໄດ້ມາສູ່ການຮ່ວມກັນ - ອັນເຫຼົ່ານີ້ແມ່ນຜູ້ທຳລາຍຄວາມມືດ, ມີຮາກຢູ່ໃນພື້ນຖານເລິກຂອງຕາປັສ.

Mantra 4

नकिरेषां निन्दिता मर्त्येषु ये अस्माकं पितरो गोषु योधाः । इन्द्र एषां दृंहिता माहिनावानुद्गोत्राणि ससृजे दंसनावान् ॥

ບໍ່ມີໃຜໃນບວກມະນຸດສາມາດຕຳນິຜູ້ເຫຼົ່ານັ້ນ - ບູພົບຂອງພວກເຮົາ - ຜູ້ເປັນນັກຮົບໃນແສງສະຫວ່າງ. ອິນທຣ໌, ຜູ້ມີພະລັງຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່, ໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ພວກເຂົາຫມັ້ນຄົງ ແລະ ປ່ອຍຝູງຊ້ອນ (ລັດສະນີທີ່ຖືກປິດບັງ) ຂຶ້ນສູ່ສູ່ ໂດຍພະລັງແຫ່ງການກະທຳທີ່ມີປະສິດທິຜົນ.

Mantra 5

सखा ह यत्र सखिभिर्नवग्वैरभिज्ञ्वा सत्वभिर्गा अनुग्मन् । सत्यं तदिन्द्रो दशभिर्दशग्वैः सूर्यं विवेद तमसि क्षियन्तम् ॥

ເປັນສະຫມູທົນ, ບ່ອນທີ່ພ້ອມກັບສະຫມູທົນ - ນາວາຄວາ - ຜູ້ຮູ້ທາງດ້ວຍພະລັງແຫ່ງການມີຢູ່, ພວກເຂົາໄດ້ຕາມລັດສະນີ. ນັ້ນແທ້ຈິງເປັນສັກຍາ: ອິນທຣ໌ ພ້ອມກັບສິບຄົນ - ທາຊາຄວາ - ໄດ້ຊອກພົບດວງຕາເວັນ ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພາຍໃນຄວາມມືດ.

Mantra 6

इन्द्रो मधु सम्भृतमुस्रियायां पद्वद्विवेद शफवन्नमे गोः । गुहा हितं गुह्यं गूळ्हमप्सु हस्ते दधे दक्षिणे दक्षिणावान् ॥

ອິນທຣ໌ ໄດ້ຊອກພົບນ້ຳຜຶ້ງທີ່ຖືກເກັບຮັກສາໄວ້ໃນໂຄນຍິ່ງອັນສະຫວ່າງ; ພຣະອົງຊອກພົບມັນ ດັ່ງຜູ້ຮູ້ທາງ, ທີ່ຮ່ອງຕີນ, ໃນພະລັງດິບຂອງລັດສະນີ. ຊ້ອນຢູ່ໃນຖ້ຳ, ເປັນຄວາມລັບ ແລະ ຖືກເຊື່ອງໄວ້ໃນນ້ຳ, ພຣະອົງໄດ້ວາງມັນໃນມືຂວາ - ພຣະອົງຜູ້ມີພະລັງແຫ່ງການໃຫ້ທາງຂວາ.

Mantra 7

ज्योतिर्वृणीत तमसो विजानन्नारे स्याम दुरितादभीके । इमा गिरः सोमपाः सोमवृद्ध जुषस्वेन्द्र पुरुतमस्य कारोः ॥

ເລືອກເອົາແສງສະຫວ່າງ, ຈຳແນກມັນອອກຈາກຄວາມມືດ, ຂໍໃຫ້ພວກເຮົາໄກຈາກຄວາມທຸກຍາກ, ເຖິງແມ່ນເມື່ອມັນໃກ້ຈະເຂົ້າມາ. ໂອ ຜູ້ດື່ມໂສມະ, ໂອ ຜູ້ເພີ່ມພະລັງດ້ວຍໂສມະ, ຈົ່ງຮັບເອົາຄຳສັບຕ່າງເຫຼົ່ານີ້, ໂອ ອິນທະ, ຈາກຜູ້ປະຕິບັດກິດຕ່າງໆຫຼາຍ.

Mantra 8

ज्योतिर्यज्ञाय रोदसी अनु ष्यादारे स्याम दुरितस्य भूरेः । भूरि चिद्धि तुजतो मर्त्यस्य सुपारासो वसवो बर्हणावत् ॥

ຂໍໃຫ້ແສງສະຫວ່າງຕິດຕາມພິທີບູຊາ, ແລະ ສະຫວັນກັບແຜ່ນດິນໂລກ ຈົ່ງເຂົ້າຮ່ວມ; ຂໍໃຫ້ພວກເຮົາໄກຈາກຄວາມທຸກຍາກທີ່ລ້ຳລວຍ. ເພາະຄວາມກົດດັນຕໍ່ມະນຸດທີ່ຖືກລ່າງມີຫຼາຍຢ່າງ, ແຕ່ ໂອ ວາສຸ, ທ່ານເປັນຜູ້ຂ້າຜ່ານອຸປະສັກໄດ້ຢ່າງດີ, ມີພະລັງຍົກຍ້ອນແລະ ຂະຫຍາຍໃຫ້ກວ້າງ.

Mantra 9

शुनं हुवेम मघवानमिन्द्रमस्मिन्भरे नृतमं वाजसातौ । शृण्वन्तमुग्रमूतये समत्सु घ्नन्तं वृत्राणि संजितं धनानाम् ॥

ເພື່ອຄວາມສະຫວັດດີພວກເຮົາຮຽກອິນທະຜູ້ໃຈກວ້າງ, ໃນການຕໍ່ສູ້ຄັ້ງນີ້, ຜູ້ມີຄວາມເປັນຊາຍທີ່ສຸດໃນການຄອງຄວາມສຳເລັດ. ຈົ່ງຟັງພວກເຮົາ, ຜູ້ມີພະລັງຮຸນແຮງເພື່ອຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອພວກເຮົາໃນສະໜາມຮົບ, ຜູ້ທຳລາຍສິ່ງກີດຂວາງ, ຜູ້ຊະນະຄວາມຮັ່ງມີ.

Inside Sukta 39

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    The hymn opens with the heart-born inspired thought, fashioned into praise, going straight to Indra as Lord, asking him to recognize the power awakening through the rite.

  2. Development

    It develops Indra’s identity as helper and truth-worker, recalling the companionship of the Navagvas/Daśagvas and the pursuit of the ‘cows’ (rays), culminating in the discovery of the Sun hidden in darkness.

  3. Climax

    The revelation that Indra ‘found the Sun in the darkness’—a paradigmatic victory of truth and light over concealment—becomes the warrant for present assistance.

  4. Where it settles

    The hymn closes with an urgent, practical invocation: may Indra hear, come fiercely to help in battles, slay the obstructers, and secure the conquerable riches for well-being.

The deity: Indra

  • Cosmic functionHe breaks the powers of confinement, releases the waters/light, and establishes the victory of ṛta (truth-order), enabling abundance and the reappearance of the Sun from darkness.
  • Inner significanceIndra symbolizes the awakened will and luminous force in the seeker that shatters inner inertia and doubt, recovers hidden clarity (the ‘Sun’), and turns inspired speech into effective power.

The seer

  • Viśvāmitra GāthinaGāthin (Viśvāmitra-gotra) · A royal-turned-seer celebrated for forging powerful Indra hymns and for the Viśvāmitra tradition that unites poetic inspiration (mati) with effective ritual speech (stoma) to win divine help and illumination.

Famous verses

इन्द्रं मतिर्हृद आ वच्यमानाच्छा पतिं स्तोमतष्टा जिगाति । या जागृविर्विदथे शस्यमानेन्द्र यत्ते जायते विद्धि तस्य ॥
Verse 3.39.1Sets the hymn’s core theology of inspired speech: the heart-born mati, shaped as stoma, reaches Indra, and the divine power ‘born’ in response is recognized as Indra’s manifestation within the worshipper.Read verse 3.39.1 →
sūryaṃ viveda tamasi kṣiyantam
Verse 3.39.5A central mythic-illumination verse: Indra with the Navagvas/Daśagvas follows the rays and discovers the Sun dwelling in darkness—an emblem of recovering truth and light.Read verse 3.39.5 →
ghnantaṃ vṛtrāṇi
Verse 3.39.9Concluding petition that applies the myth to the present: Indra is invoked for well-being, victory in struggle, the slaying of vṛtras (obstacles), and the winning of riches/plenitude.Read verse 3.39.9 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Maghavan (generous bestower)
  • Vṛtra-han (slayer of obstruction)
  • Nṛtama (supreme hero)
  • Listener to prayer and praise
  • Finder/releaser of the hidden Sun/light
  • Giver of vāja (strength, plenitude, victory)

Also by this seer

  • Primary seer for much of Rigveda Maṇḍala 3 (Viśvāmitra family hymns)
  • RV 3.62.10 (Gāyatrī/“Sāvitrī” mantra) traditionally associated with the Viśvāmitra lineage
  • Numerous Indra, Agni, and related hymns in RV 3 attributed to the Viśvāmitras

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the altar and kindle Agni; establish a focused intention for protection, victory, and clarity.
  • Press/offer Soma (or its substitute in later practice) while reciting Indra praises; invite Indra as pati (Lord) of the hymn.
  • Recite the hymn with emphasis on inspired speech (mati) and truth (satya/ṛta), asking Indra to ‘know’ and awaken the power being born in the sacrificer.
  • Offer oblations and conclude with a direct petition for help in conflicts (samatsu), removal of obstacles (vṛtrāṇi), and attainment of riches (dhana).

Offerings

  • Soma libation (primary)
  • Ghee (ājya) oblations into Agni
  • Optional: milk/curd offerings in Indra context

Frequently Asked Questions

It teaches that sincere, well-shaped praise rising from the heart reaches Indra, who then awakens his power in the worshipper—breaking obstacles and bringing victory, abundance, and light.

They represent Indra’s companions in a truth-seeking quest where the ‘rays/cows’ are followed and the Sun is discovered hidden in darkness—an image for recovering lost light and clarity.

Traditionally it fits Indra-focused soma/fire rites for strength and success; in a simple recitation practice it is used to pray for courage, removal of inner blocks, and clear insight during difficult struggles.

Ask anything about Sukta 39 of the Rig Veda

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