Rig Veda Sukta 35
Mandala 2Sukta 3515 Mantras

Sukta 35

Sukta 2.35

Rishi

Gṛtsamada

Chandas

Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 2.35)

Himne ini memuji Apāṃ Napāt, “Anak Perairan” yang penuh rahsia—kehadiran ilahi yang bercahaya, bersinar di dalam air sebagai api tersembunyi dan kuasa penciptaan. Gṛtsamada menyerunya agar menerima kata-kata penyair, membentuk kegembiraan dan tatanan yang benar, serta menganugerahkan kemakmuran, daya hidup, dan pertumbuhan yang teratur di dunia-dunia. Himne ini memuncak dengan penutup berkat yang mengaitkan sinar Apāṃ Napāt dengan perlindungan Agni yang mujur bagi komuniti dan perhimpunan korban.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 2.35

In this hymn

Addressed to

  • Apam NapatMantras 1-14Apāṃ Napāt

    Apāṃ Napāt is portrayed as a shining, golden, swift radiance hidden in the waters, pure, divine, and moving with ṛta (cosmic order).

  • AgniMantra 15closing benediction within the Apām Napāt hymn-cycle

Mantras

Mantra 1

उपेमसृक्षि वाजयुर्वचस्यां चनो दधीत नाद्यो गिरो मे । अपां नपादाशुहेमा कुवित्स सुपेशसस्करति जोषिषद्धि ॥

Kepadanya kata-kataku dilepaskan, mencari kepenuhan daya; semoga Yang Ilahi menerima suara-suara ini daripadaku. Wahai Anak Perairan (Apām Napāt), yang pantas dalam kilau emasnya—tidakkah ia akan membentuk bagi kami rupa kenikmatan yang sempurna, sambil berkenan pada hasrat-ibadah kami?

Mantra 2

इमं स्वस्मै हृद आ सुतष्टं मन्त्रं वोचेम कुविदस्य वेदत् । अपां नपादसुर्यस्य मह्ना विश्वान्यर्यो भुवना जजान ॥

Mantera ini, yang terukir elok dari hati, kami ucapkan untuk-Nya—adakah Dia akan mengetahuinya? Apām Napāt, dengan kebesaran kuasa ketuhanan-Nya yang agung, telah melahirkan segala alam, sebagai tuan mulia yang hadir di dalamnya.

Mantra 3

समन्या यन्त्युप यन्त्यन्याः समानमूर्वं नद्यः पृणन्ति । तमू शुचिं शुचयो दीदिवांसमपां नपातं परि तस्थुरापः ॥

Sebahagian air bergerak bersama, yang lain mendekat; sungai-sungai memenuhi satu takungan yang sama. Mengelilingi Dia—yang suci, yang bersinar—berdirilah Air-Air yang suci, mengitari Apām Napāt, seolah-olah menjaga nyala rahsia kesedaran.

Mantra 4

तमस्मेरा युवतयो युवानं मर्मृज्यमानाः परि यन्त्यापः । स शुक्रेभिः शिक्वभी रेवदस्मे दीदायानिध्मो घृतनिर्णिगप्सु ॥

Di sekeliling-Nya, Air-Air muda yang tersenyum mengitari yang muda, sambil menyucikannya. Ia bersinar untuk kami dengan tenaga-tenaga terang yang mahir, kaya dengan kenikmatan—nyala yang tidak terpadam, berkilau seperti ghee, di dalam air.

Mantra 5

अस्मै तिस्रो अव्यथ्याय नारीर्देवाय देवीर्दिधिषन्त्यन्नम् । कृता इवोप हि प्रसर्स्रे अप्सु स पीयूषं धयति पूर्वसूनाम् ॥

Bagi-Nya, dewa yang tidak dapat digugat itu, tiga wanita ilahi menyediakan makanan. Seperti kerja yang telah sempurna, Ia mengembang luas di dalam perairan; Ia meminum pīyūṣa—nektar asal—daripada kuasa-kuasa yang pertama lahir.

Mantra 6

अश्वस्यात्र जनिमास्य च स्वर्द्रुहो रिषः सम्पृचः पाहि सूरीन् । आमासु पूर्षु परो अप्रमृष्यं नारातयो वि नशन्नानृतानि ॥

Inilah kelahiran Sang Kuda—kuasa yang menyala itu; peliharalah para resi yang bercahaya daripada luka dan daripada penyelewengan bermusuh yang hendak mencampuri cahaya mereka. Dalam kepenuhan yang masih mentah dan belum masak, tetaplah melampaui segala cemar dan tidak tersentuh; biarlah kuasa-kuasa sangsi binasa, dan janganlah kepalsuan bertahan.

Mantra 7

स्व आ दमे सुदुघा यस्य धेनुः स्वधां पीपाय सुभ्वन्नमत्ति । सो अपां नपादूर्जयन्नप्स्वन्तर्वसुदेयाय विधते वि भाति ॥

Di rumahnya sendiri, lembu perah kelimpahan yang mudah diperah itu mengalirkan susu dengan banyak; ia menumbuhkan svadhā dan menikmati santapan yang baik. Dialah Putera Perairan (Apām Napāt), membina daya-hidup di dalam perairan; ia bersinar bagi pelaksana upacara, untuk mengurniakan kekayaan yang sejati.

Mantra 8

यो अप्स्वा शुचिना दैव्येन ऋतावाजस्र उर्विया विभाति । वया इदन्या भुवनान्यस्य प्र जायन्ते वीरुधश्च प्रजाभिः ॥

Dia yang di dalam perairan bersinar dengan kesucian ilahi, sentiasa bergerak bersama ṛta dan kepenuhan daya; daripadanya sesungguhnya lahir alam-alam yang lain, dan burung-burung kehidupan, serta tumbuh-tumbuhan yang menjalar beserta zuriatnya.

Mantra 9

अपां नपादा ह्यस्थादुपस्थं जिह्मानामूर्ध्वो विद्युतं वसानः । तस्य ज्येष्ठं महिमानं वहन्तीर्हिरण्यवर्णाः परि यन्ति यह्वीः ॥

Anak Perairan (Apāṃ Napāt) sesungguhnya telah mengambil tempat duduknya di pangkuan arus yang berliku, tegak, mengenakan kilat sebagai jubahnya. Mengusung kebesarannya yang tertinggi, perairan-perairan perkasa berwarna keemasan bergerak mengelilinginya dari segala sisi.

Mantra 10

हिरण्यरूपः स हिरण्यसंदृगपां नपात्सेदु हिरण्यवर्णः । हिरण्ययात्परि योनेर्निषद्या हिरण्यदा ददत्यन्नमस्मै ॥

Keemasan pada rupa, keemasan pada pandangan—Apāṃ Napāt, ya, keemasan pada warna. Duduk mengelilingi rahim keemasan, para pemberi emas mengurniakan santapan kepadanya.

Mantra 11

तदस्यानीकमुत चारु नामापीच्यं वर्धते नप्तुरपाम् । यमिन्धते युवतयः समित्था हिरण्यवर्णं घृतमन्नमस्य ॥

Wajahnya dan nama rahsianya yang indah itu kian berkembang—Apām Napāt, Anak Perairan. Dia dinyalakan bersama-sama oleh gadis-gadis muda; keemasanlah ghṛta-nya, makanannya, pemeliharaannya.

Mantra 12

अस्मै बहूनामवमाय सख्ये यज्ञैर्विधेम नमसा हविर्भिः । सं सानु मार्ज्मि दिधिषामि बिल्मैर्दधाम्यन्नैः परि वन्द ऋग्भिः ॥

Kepada-Nya—sahabat bagi yang ramai dan yang hina—kami hendak mempersembahkan yajña dengan yajña-yajña, dengan takzim, dengan persembahan. Aku membersihkan puncak; kutegakkan penopang dengan sangga yang teguh; kuletakkan makanan, dan kukelilingi Dia dengan ṛk-ṛk pujian.

Mantra 13

स ईं वृषाजनयत्तासु गर्भं स ईं शिशुर्धयति तं रिहन्ति । सो अपां नपादनभिम्लातवर्णोऽन्यस्येवेह तन्वा विवेष ॥

Dia, Sang Lembu Jantan perkasa, menaburkan benih kejadian ke dalam Perairan itu; dia, Sang Anak, meminum susu mereka, dan mereka membelai serta menyusukannya. Inilah Apām Napāt, bercahaya tanpa cela, yang di sini masuk dan meresapi dengan tubuhnya sendiri, seolah-olah dari alam yang lain.

Mantra 14

अस्मिन्पदे परमे तस्थिवांसमध्वस्मभिर्विश्वहा दीदिवांसम् । आपो नप्त्रे घृतमन्नं वहन्तीः स्वयमत्कैः परि दीयन्ति यह्वीः ॥

Pada kedudukan yang tertinggi ini dia berdiri, sentiasa bersinar sepanjang jalan-jalan kewujudan kita. Kepada Putera Perairan (Apām Napāt), Perairan yang perkasa sendiri membawa kekayaan yang telah dijernihkan sebagai makanan; dan dengan dorongan mereka sendiri, mereka mengelilinginya serta menyerahkan diri—luas dalam daya aliran mereka.

Mantra 15

अयांसमग्ने सुक्षितिं जनायायांसमु मघवद्भ्यः सुवृक्तिम् । विश्वं तद्भद्रं यदवन्ति देवा बृहद्वदेम विदथे सुवीराः ॥

Wahai Agni, bawakan kepada umat suatu kediaman yang bahagia dalam kewujudan; bawakan juga kepada yang pemurah suatu ujaran yang sempurna. Segala yang baik dan berkat ialah apa yang dilindungi para dewa; semoga kami menuturkan Yang Maha-Luas dalam perhimpunan, teguh dengan daya-daya kepahlawanan di dalam.

Inside Sukta 35

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    The poet releases his inspired word toward the deity, asking Apāṃ Napāt to accept the hymn and to consent to the sacrificer’s aspiration.

  2. Development

    Apāṃ Napāt is unfolded as a pure, divine radiance within the waters—aligned with ṛta—whose power generates worlds, life, and vegetation, and who perfects forms and delight for devotees.

  3. Climax

    The revelation of cosmic generativity: from the shining one in the waters arise other worlds and the living orders (birds, plants, progeny), establishing him as a deep source of creation and vitality.

  4. Where it settles

    The hymn resolves in a communal blessing: Agni is asked to bring good dwelling and perfect utterance, affirming that all auspiciousness is what the gods protect and sealing the rite with ‘vast’ speech in the assembly.

The deity: Apāṃ Napāt

  • In the VedaHe is a generator of life and worlds: from him arise realms, living creatures (including birds), and the plants with their progeny.
  • Cosmic functionHe mediates between the watery abyss and the emergence of form—kindling creative heat within the waters, sustaining fertility, and ensuring ordered generation under ṛta.
  • Inner significanceThe “fire in the waters” symbolizes concealed spiritual energy within the depths of consciousness: clarity arising from the subconscious, the birth of insight, and the power of pure aspiration to shape a ‘perfect form’ (supeśas) of life.

The seer

  • GṛtsamadaBhārgava (of the line of Bhṛgu); traditionally connected with the Gṛtsamada section of Maṇḍala 2 · Principal seer of much of Rig Veda Maṇḍala 2, celebrated for hymns that articulate Agni’s priestly power and the luminous, ritually effective speech (vāc) that draws the gods.

Famous verses

apāṃ napāt
Verse 2.35.1Sets the hymn’s ritual posture: inspired speech approaches Apāṃ Napāt, asking him to accept the chant and to fashion a ‘perfect form’ of delight for the worshipper.Read verse 2.35.1 →
यो अप्स्वा शुचिना दैव्येन ऋतावाजस्र उर्विया विभाति । वया इदन्या भुवनान्यस्य प्र जायन्ते वीरुधश्च प्रजाभिः ॥
Verse 2.35.8A doctrinal peak describing the deity’s pure radiance in the waters and his role as a source from whom worlds, birds, and plants arise—linking cosmology with fertility.Read verse 2.35.8 →
viśvaṃ tad bhadraṃ yad avanti devā
Verse 2.35.15Concluding benediction that bridges the Apāṃ Napāt praise with Agni’s protective gifts—good dwelling, good speech, and auspiciousness guarded by the gods—marking liturgical closure.Read verse 2.35.15 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Radiant/golden brilliance (hidden splendor)
  • Purity (śuci) and divinity
  • R̥ta-aligned, sustaining cosmic order
  • Generator of worlds and fertility
  • Swift, effective helper when invoked
  • Linked to Agni as a concealed or aquatic form of fire

Also by this seer

  • Large portions of RV Maṇḍala 2 (the Gṛtsamada collection), especially hymns to Agni and allied deities
  • Associated with the Bhṛgu-Aṅgiras sacrificial heritage in later tradition, emphasizing fire-cult and mantric craftsmanship

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the altar and kindle/maintain the sacred fire (Agni) with purification acts (ācamana, sprinkling, orderly seating).
  • Invoke Apāṃ Napāt with opening verses as an approach of inspired speech (vāc) seeking acceptance.
  • Offer ghee into the fire while reciting central verses describing the deity’s radiance in the waters and his creative generativity.
  • Pray for prosperity, offspring, growth of plants/cattle, and protection under ṛta; reaffirm truth-aligned intention.
  • Conclude with a benediction that explicitly calls Agni for good dwelling, good speech, and auspicious divine protection for the assembly.

Offerings

  • Ghee (ājya)
  • Kindling sticks/samidhs
  • Soma (where context applies)
  • Water libations/sprinkling as symbolic alignment with the deity’s aquatic seat

Frequently Asked Questions

Apāṃ Napāt means “Child of the Waters.” In RV 2.35 he is a shining, pure power hidden in the waters—often understood as a form of divine fire or radiance that brings life, growth, and ordered creation.

The Veda uses this as a sacred image: creative heat and light can be concealed in the depths and then emerge as life and insight. It also connects watery fertility with the fire-principle that shapes and perfects forms.

Vedic hymns often close with a benediction to Agni, the ritual fire who carries offerings and seals the rite. Here it links Apāṃ Napāt’s hidden radiance with Agni’s protective gifts—good dwelling, good speech, and auspiciousness for the community.

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