Rig Veda Sukta 9
Mandala 3Sukta 99 Mantras

Sukta 9

Sukta 3.9

Rishi

Vasiṣṭha (traditional for RV 3.9)

Chandas

Gāyatrī (probable for opening of RV 3.9; requires metrical verification)

Himne ini memuji Apām Napāt—Agni dalam rupa tersembunyi yang bersemayam di perairan—yang dipilih sebagai sekutu ilahi dan pelindung bagi manusia fana. Ia mengingatkan kembali mitos penemuan semula dan peneguhan api suci (dengan Mātariśvan sebagai pembawanya), dan berakhir dengan visi agung tentang banyak kuasa ilahi yang melayani serta menobatkan Agni sebagai Hotṛ.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.9

In this hymn

Addressed to

  • Apam NapatMantra 1Apām Napāt (often associated with Agni’s hidden form in waters)

    Described as the ‘Son/Descendant of the Waters,’ shining and well-kindled though concealed, auspicious, victorious, and tireless, an inner fire mysteriously present within the waters and brought forth for the gods.

  • AgniMantras 2-9as inner divine Will and priest-power

Mantras

Mantra 1

सखायस्त्वा ववृमहे देवं मर्तास ऊतये । अपां नपातं सुभगं सुदीदितिं सुप्रतूर्तिमनेहसम् ॥

Sebagai sahabat kami memilih engkau, wahai dewa, wahai insan fana, demi pertolongan kami—Apām Napāt, yang bertuah, yang menyala elok, yang menang dengan baik, yang tidak mengenal letih.

Mantra 2

कायमानो वना त्वं यन्मातॄरजगन्नपः । न तत्ते अग्ने प्रमृषे निवर्तनं यद्दूरे सन्निहाभवः ॥

Walau engkau bergerak merentas rimba, ketika engkau pergi kepada para ibu—air-air itu—ini bukanlah undur-balik bagimu, wahai Agni; tidak pudar doronganmu ke hadapan: meski jauh, engkau menjadi hadir di sini.

Mantra 3

अति तृष्टं ववक्षिथाथैव सुमना असि । प्रप्रान्ये यन्ति पर्यन्य आसते येषां सख्ये असि श्रितः ॥

Engkau telah membawa kami melampaui rintangan yang menekan dan keras; maka Engkau menjadi kejernihan kegembiraan di dalam hati. Sebahagian mara ke hadapan di jalan, sebahagian lain mengelilingi dan menjaga dari sekeliling—mereka yang dalam persahabatanmu Engkau ditegakkan dan bersemayam.

Mantra 4

ईयिवांसमति स्रिधः शश्वतीरति सश्चतः । अन्वीमविन्दन्निचिरासो अद्रुहोऽप्सु सिंहमिव श्रितम् ॥

Dia yang sedang mara—mereka mengikutinya melampaui sela-sela dan melampaui rentang yang panjang; yang sabar dan tidak tertipu menemuinya—bagai singa yang bersemayam di dalam air—tegak di kedalaman.

Mantra 5

ससृवांसमिव त्मनाग्निमित्था तिरोहितम् । ऐनं नयन्मातरिश्वा परावतो देवेभ्यो मथितं परि ॥

Seperti sesuatu yang mengalir menurut tabiatnya sendiri, demikianlah Agni—demikian tersembunyi. Mātariśvan menuntunnya dari jauh di seberang sana, dikocok-keluarkan bagi para dewa dan dibawa ke mari.

Mantra 6

तं त्वा मर्ता अगृभ्णत देवेभ्यो हव्यवाहन । विश्वान्यद्यज्ञाँ अभिपासि मानुष तव क्रत्वा यविष्ठ्य ॥

Engkau telah digenggam oleh insan fana untuk para dewa, wahai pembawa persembahan (havyavāhana). Engkau memelihara segala yajña, wahai Api yang menghadap manusia, dengan kehendakmu yang berilmu-berdaya (kratu), wahai yang termuda dalam kekuatan.

Mantra 7

तद्भद्रं तव दंसना पाकाय चिच्छदयति । त्वां यदग्ने पशवः समासते समिद्धमपिशर्वरे ॥

Inilah keberkatan kuasamu: ia melindungi bahkan yang belum masak dalam pengertian. Apabila kawanan-kawanan tenaga berhimpun kepadamu, wahai Agni—yang dinyalakan—engkau menjadi naungan bahkan dalam kepungan yang samar.

Mantra 8

आ जुहोता स्वध्वरं शीरं पावकशोचिषम् । आशुं दूतमजिरं प्रत्नमीड्यं श्रुष्टी देवं सपर्यत ॥

Persembahkanlah kepadanya—yang menegakkan upacaranya sendiri, yang pantas, yang cepat, dan yang menyala dengan nyala yang suci; utusan yang tangkas, tidak letih, purba, dan sentiasa layak dipuja. Dengan pendengaran yang taat, berbaktilah kepada dewa.

Mantra 9

त्रीणि शता त्री सहस्राण्यग्निं त्रिंशच्च देवा नव चासपर्यन् । औक्षन्घृतैरस्तृणन्बर्हिरस्मा आदिद्धोतारं न्यसादयन्त ॥

Tiga ratus, tiga ribu—tiga puluh dan sembilan—kuasa-kuasa berbakti melayani Agni. Mereka menyapunya dengan ghee yang jernih, mereka menghamparkan barhis (hamparan suci) untuknya; kemudian sesungguhnya mereka mendudukkan Sang Hotṛ pada tempatnya.

Inside Sukta 9

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    The poets ‘as comrades’ choose Apām Napāt as their divine helper—bright, fortunate, and undefeated.

  2. Development

    Agni’s paradox is unfolded: though hidden, he flows forth by nature; the mythic agent Mātariśvan brings him from the far realm, produced for the gods.

  3. Climax

    A sweeping enthronement scene: vast numbers of divine powers serve Agni, anoint him with ghee, and spread the ritual seat.

  4. Where it settles

    Agni is firmly installed as Hotṛ in his place, securing the rite’s success and the worshippers’ protection through a properly established sacred fire.

The deity: Apām Napāt

  • Cosmic functionMediates between hidden potential and manifest ritual flame: the latent heat/light in the cosmic waters becomes the sacrificial fire that carries offerings and establishes divine order in the rite.
  • Inner significanceRepresents the awakened spark of consciousness emerging from the depths (the ‘waters’ as the subconscious/primordial field), becoming disciplined will and illumination when properly ‘churned’ and enthroned.

The seer

  • VasiṣṭhaVasiṣṭha gotra (Āditya/Brāhmaṇa seer-family; traditional Vasiṣṭha lineage) · One of the foremost ṛṣis of the Rig Veda, celebrated for profound Agni hymns and for articulating the Vasiṣṭha vision of ṛta (cosmic order) and inspired speech (vāc).

Famous verses

apāṃ napātaṃ
Verse 3.9.1Programmatic invocation: the hymn’s purpose—choosing Apām Napāt as divine aid—and the deity’s defining epithets (auspicious, well-kindled, victorious, tireless).Read verse 3.9.1 →
mātariśvā
Verse 3.9.5Key mythic narrative: Agni is ‘hidden’ yet brought from afar by Mātariśvan, expressing the transition from concealed cosmic fire to ritual presence.Read verse 3.9.5 →
त्रीणि शता त्री सहस्राण्यग्निं त्रिंशच्च देवा नव चासपर्यन् । औक्षन्घृतैरस्तृणन्बर्हिरस्मा आदिद्धोतारं न्यसादयन्त ॥
Verse 3.9.9Culminating enthronement: many divine powers honor Agni, anoint him with ghee, spread barhis, and seat him as Hotṛ—ritual installation in a single panoramic verse.Read verse 3.9.9 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Hidden radiance
  • Auspicious helper of mortals
  • Unwearied and victorious
  • Linked to Agni and the Hotṛ function
  • Emergent fire from the waters (latent to manifest)

Also by this seer

  • Primary seer of much of Maṇḍala 7 (Vasiṣṭha Maṇḍala)
  • Hymns to Agni, Varuṇa, Indra, and the Ādityas across the Rig Veda tradition
  • Associated in later tradition with the Vasiṣṭha–Viśvāmitra narrative and the Brahmarṣi ideal

The rite, step by step

  • Choose/invite the deity as ally and protector (āvahana/selection of Agni-Apām Napāt).
  • Kindle or re-kindle the fire, acknowledging its ‘hidden’ state and its emergence.
  • Recite the bringing-forth motif (Mātariśvan leading Agni from afar; churning/producing the fire).
  • Anoint/brighten the fire with ghee and establish the ritual seat (barhis).
  • Install Agni as Hotṛ and proceed with the main offerings/prayers for help and right order (ṛta).

Offerings

  • Ghṛta (clarified butter)
  • Samidh (fuel sticks)
  • Barhis (sacrificial grass/seat arrangement)
  • Optional soma-related oblations in a larger soma context

Frequently Asked Questions

Apām Napāt means “Descendant of the Waters.” In RV 3.9 he is the hidden form of Agni—radiant fire present within the waters—invoked as a powerful helper.

Mātariśvan is the mythic bringer of fire. The hymn recalls how he led Agni from the distant realm and made him available for the gods and for sacrifice.

Establish the sacred fire correctly: kindle and honor Agni with ghee, prepare the ritual seat (barhis), and install him as Hotṛ so the offerings and prayers can reach the gods.

Ask anything about Sukta 9 of the Rig Veda

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