Rig Veda Sukta 9
Mandala 3Sukta 99 Mantras

Sukta 9

Sukta 3.9

Rishi

Vasiṣṭha (traditional for RV 3.9)

Devata

Apām Napāt (often associated with Agni’s hidden form in waters)

Chandas

Gāyatrī (probable for opening of RV 3.9; requires metrical verification)

This hymn praises Apām Napāt—Agni in his hidden, watery form—chosen as a divine ally and protector of mortals. It recalls the mythic recovery and establishment of the sacred fire (with Mātariśvan as the bringer), and culminates in a grand vision of many divine powers serving and enthroning Agni as Hotṛ.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.9

Mantras

Mantra 1

सखायस्त्वा ववृमहे देवं मर्तास ऊतये । अपां नपातं सुभगं सुदीदितिं सुप्रतूर्तिमनेहसम् ॥

As comrades we choose you, the god, O mortals for our help—Apām Napāt, the fortunate one, the well-kindled, the well-victorious, the unwearied.

Mantra 2

कायमानो वना त्वं यन्मातॄरजगन्नपः । न तत्ते अग्ने प्रमृषे निवर्तनं यद्दूरे सन्निहाभवः ॥

Though you move through the woods, when you went to the mothers, the waters—this is no turning-back for you, O Agni, no fading of your forward urge: though far away, you become here (present).

Mantra 3

अति तृष्टं ववक्षिथाथैव सुमना असि । प्रप्रान्ये यन्ति पर्यन्य आसते येषां सख्ये असि श्रितः ॥

Thou hast carried us beyond the hard-pressed resistance; therefore thou becomest the clear gladness within. Some move forward in the path, others encompass and guard from around—those in whose comradeship thou art established.

Mantra 4

ईयिवांसमति स्रिधः शश्वतीरति सश्चतः । अन्वीमविन्दन्निचिरासो अद्रुहोऽप्सु सिंहमिव श्रितम् ॥

Him who was advancing they followed beyond the breaks and beyond the long continuities; the patient and undeceiving ones found him—like a lion lodged in the waters—established in the depths.

Mantra 5

ससृवांसमिव त्मनाग्निमित्था तिरोहितम् । ऐनं नयन्मातरिश्वा परावतो देवेभ्यो मथितं परि ॥

As one flowing by its own nature, so was Agni—thus hidden. Mātariśvan led him from the far beyond, churned out for the gods and brought here.

Mantra 6

तं त्वा मर्ता अगृभ्णत देवेभ्यो हव्यवाहन । विश्वान्यद्यज्ञाँ अभिपासि मानुष तव क्रत्वा यविष्ठ्य ॥

The mortals have seized thee for the gods, O carrier of the offering. For thou guardest all the sacrifices—O human-facing Fire—by thy will of effective knowledge, O youngest in power.

Mantra 7

तद्भद्रं तव दंसना पाकाय चिच्छदयति । त्वां यदग्ने पशवः समासते समिद्धमपिशर्वरे ॥

This is the blessedness of thy power: it covers even the unripe in understanding. When the herds of energies gather to thee, O Agni—kindled—thou art a shelter even in the dim enclosure.

Mantra 8

आ जुहोता स्वध्वरं शीरं पावकशोचिषम् । आशुं दूतमजिरं प्रत्नमीड्यं श्रुष्टी देवं सपर्यत ॥

Offer to him—the self-righting, swift, and pure-flaming; the rapid messenger, tireless, ancient and ever-worthy of aspiration. With obedient hearing, serve the god.

Mantra 9

त्रीणि शता त्री सहस्राण्यग्निं त्रिंशच्च देवा नव चासपर्यन् । औक्षन्घृतैरस्तृणन्बर्हिरस्मा आदिद्धोतारं न्यसादयन्त ॥

Three hundred, three thousand—thirty and nine—powers served Agni. They anointed him with clarities, they spread the sacred seat for him; then indeed they set the Priest down in his place.

Inside Sukta 9

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    The poets ‘as comrades’ choose Apām Napāt as their divine helper—bright, fortunate, and undefeated.

  2. Development

    Agni’s paradox is unfolded: though hidden, he flows forth by nature; the mythic agent Mātariśvan brings him from the far realm, produced for the gods.

  3. Climax

    A sweeping enthronement scene: vast numbers of divine powers serve Agni, anoint him with ghee, and spread the ritual seat.

  4. Where it settles

    Agni is firmly installed as Hotṛ in his place, securing the rite’s success and the worshippers’ protection through a properly established sacred fire.

The deity: Apām Napāt

  • In the VedaDescribed as the ‘Son/Descendant of the Waters,’ shining and well-kindled though concealed, auspicious, victorious, and tireless—an inner fire mysteriously present within the waters and brought forth for the gods.
  • Cosmic functionMediates between hidden potential and manifest ritual flame: the latent heat/light in the cosmic waters becomes the sacrificial fire that carries offerings and establishes divine order in the rite.
  • Inner significanceRepresents the awakened spark of consciousness emerging from the depths (the ‘waters’ as the subconscious/primordial field), becoming disciplined will and illumination when properly ‘churned’ and enthroned.

The seer

  • VasiṣṭhaVasiṣṭha gotra (Āditya/Brāhmaṇa seer-family; traditional Vasiṣṭha lineage) · One of the foremost ṛṣis of the Rig Veda, celebrated for profound Agni hymns and for articulating the Vasiṣṭha vision of ṛta (cosmic order) and inspired speech (vāc).

Famous verses

apāṃ napātaṃ
Verse 3.9.1Programmatic invocation: the hymn’s purpose—choosing Apām Napāt as divine aid—and the deity’s defining epithets (auspicious, well-kindled, victorious, tireless).Read verse 3.9.1 →
mātariśvā
Verse 3.9.5Key mythic narrative: Agni is ‘hidden’ yet brought from afar by Mātariśvan, expressing the transition from concealed cosmic fire to ritual presence.Read verse 3.9.5 →
त्रीणि शता त्री सहस्राण्यग्निं त्रिंशच्च देवा नव चासपर्यन् । औक्षन्घृतैरस्तृणन्बर्हिरस्मा आदिद्धोतारं न्यसादयन्त ॥
Verse 3.9.9Culminating enthronement: many divine powers honor Agni, anoint him with ghee, spread barhis, and seat him as Hotṛ—ritual installation in a single panoramic verse.Read verse 3.9.9 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Hidden radiance
  • Auspicious helper of mortals
  • Unwearied and victorious
  • Linked to Agni and the Hotṛ function
  • Emergent fire from the waters (latent to manifest)

Also by this seer

  • Primary seer of much of Maṇḍala 7 (Vasiṣṭha Maṇḍala)
  • Hymns to Agni, Varuṇa, Indra, and the Ādityas across the Rig Veda tradition
  • Associated in later tradition with the Vasiṣṭha–Viśvāmitra narrative and the Brahmarṣi ideal

The rite, step by step

  • Choose/invite the deity as ally and protector (āvahana/selection of Agni-Apām Napāt).
  • Kindle or re-kindle the fire, acknowledging its ‘hidden’ state and its emergence.
  • Recite the bringing-forth motif (Mātariśvan leading Agni from afar; churning/producing the fire).
  • Anoint/brighten the fire with ghee and establish the ritual seat (barhis).
  • Install Agni as Hotṛ and proceed with the main offerings/prayers for help and right order (ṛta).

Offerings

  • Ghṛta (clarified butter)
  • Samidh (fuel sticks)
  • Barhis (sacrificial grass/seat arrangement)
  • Optional soma-related oblations in a larger soma context

Frequently Asked Questions

Apām Napāt means “Descendant of the Waters.” In RV 3.9 he is the hidden form of Agni—radiant fire present within the waters—invoked as a powerful helper.

Mātariśvan is the mythic bringer of fire. The hymn recalls how he led Agni from the distant realm and made him available for the gods and for sacrifice.

Establish the sacred fire correctly: kindle and honor Agni with ghee, prepare the ritual seat (barhis), and install him as Hotṛ so the offerings and prayers can reach the gods.

Ask anything about Sukta 9 of the Rig Veda

Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.

Not sure where to start?

A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.

Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app

Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.

Download on the App StoreGet it on Google Play

Continue reading in the Vedapath app

Open in App
Download on the App StoreGet it on Google Play