Rig Veda 2.13.1 — Mandala 2, Sukta 13, Mantra 1
Sukta 2.13
Rishi: Gṛtsamada (traditional attribution for RV 2.13)
Devata: Indra (traditional Anukramaṇī for RV 2.13; verse imagery also resonates with Soma/Waters as supporting powers)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely; requires metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋतुर्जनित्री तस्या अपस्परि मक्षू जात आविशद्यासु वर्धते । तदाहना अभवत्पिप्युषी पयोंऽशोः पीयूषं प्रथमं तदुक्थ्यम् ॥
Transliteration
ṛtur janitrī tasyā apaḥ pari makṣū jāta āviśad yāsu vardhate | tad āhanā abhavat pipyuṣī payo ’ṃśoḥ pīyūṣaṃ prathamaṃ tad ukthyam ||
Translation
رِتو (Rtu)، القوّةُ المُولِّدة—وحولَها المياه؛ سريعًا، ما إن وُلِدَ حتى دخلَ في تلك التي ينمو فيها. عندئذٍ صارتْ بقرةً حلوبًا، متورّمةً بالغِنى؛ لبنُ الساق، الرحيقُ الأوّل—ذلك هو الجديرُ بالترنيمة.
Word by Word
ऋतुःthe season; the proper time
ऋतुः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootऋतु- (प्रातिपदिक)
जनित्रीthe begetter; mother/producer
जनित्री:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Root√जन् (जनि-), कृत्: तृच्/त्री (जनित्री)
तस्याःof her
तस्याः:
Sambandha (Genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अपःthe waters
अपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप्- (जल) (प्रातिपदिक)
परिaround; about
परि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
मक्षुquickly; at once
मक्षु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमक्षु (अव्यय)
जातःborn
जातः:
Kartā (with आविशत्)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√जन्, क्त (जात)
आtowards; into
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अविशद्entered
अविशद्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√विश् (प्रवेशने) + आ-
यासुin which (waters)
यासु:
Adhikaraṇa
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वर्धतेgrows; increases
वर्धते:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√वृध् (वर्धने)
तदाthen
तदा:
कालाधिकरण (Temporal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय; तद् + दा)
अहनाin two days; by (the space of) two days
अहना:
Adhikaraṇa (Temporal/Instrumental time-span)
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्- (प्रातिपदिक)
अभवत्became
अभवत्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भवति)
पिप्युषीswelling; becoming full (with milk)
पिप्युषी:
Kartā (with अभवत्)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√प्याय्/√पि (वृद्धौ/पूरणे), कृत्: क्वसु/उषी (पिप्युषी)
पयःmilk; nourishment
पयः:
Karma (with प्रथयति implied) / or Object in apposition
TypeNoun
Rootपयस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
अंशोःof the soma-stalk / of the ray
अंशोः:
Sambandha (Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootअंशु- (प्रातिपदिक; सोम-डण्ड/किरण)
पीयूषम्sweet juice; ambrosial sap
पीयूषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपीयूष- (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रथमम्first
प्रथमम्:
Karma (qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम- (प्रातिपदिक)
तत्that
तत्:
Anuvāda/Correlative
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
उक्थ्यम्worthy of recitation/praise; to be sung as an uktha
उक्थ्यम्:
Karma or Predicate
TypeAdjective
Rootउक्थ्य- (प्रातिपदिक; उक्थ-सम्बद्ध)
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