Rig Veda 2.13.1 — Mandala 2, Sukta 13, Mantra 1

Sukta 2.13

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (traditional attribution for RV 2.13)

Devata: Indra (traditional Anukramaṇī for RV 2.13; verse imagery also resonates with Soma/Waters as supporting powers)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ऋतुर्जनित्री तस्या अपस्परि मक्षू जात आविशद्यासु वर्धते । तदाहना अभवत्पिप्युषी पयोंऽशोः पीयूषं प्रथमं तदुक्थ्यम् ॥

Transliteration

ṛtur janitrī tasyā apaḥ pari makṣū jāta āviśad yāsu vardhate | tad āhanā abhavat pipyuṣī payo ’ṃśoḥ pīyūṣaṃ prathamaṃ tad ukthyam ||

Translation

The Season, the begetting Power—around her the Waters: swiftly, once born, he entered into those in which he grows. Then she became the milch-cow, swelling with richness; the milk of the stalk, the first nectar—this is worthy of the hymn.

Word by Word

• ऋतुः: the season; the proper time
• ऋतुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋतु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• जनित्री: the begetter; mother/producer
• जनित्री: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: √जन् (जनि-), कृत्: तृच्/त्री (जनित्री)

• तस्याः: of her
• तस्याः: Sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अपः: the waters
• अपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्- (जल) (प्रातिपदिक)

• परि: around; about
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• मक्षु: quickly; at once
• मक्षु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मक्षु (अव्यय)

• जातः: born
• जातः: Kartā (with आविशत्)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √जन्, क्त (जात)

• आ: towards; into
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अविशद्: entered
• अविशद्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विश् (प्रवेशने) + आ-

• यासु: in which (waters)
• यासु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वर्धते: grows; increases
• वर्धते: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृध् (वर्धने)

• तदा: then
• तदा: कालाधिकरण (Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय; तद् + दा)

• अहना: in two days; by (the space of) two days
• अहना: Adhikaraṇa (Temporal/Instrumental time-span)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभवत्: became
• अभवत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (भवति)

• पिप्युषी: swelling; becoming full (with milk)
• पिप्युषी: Kartā (with अभवत्)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √प्याय्/√पि (वृद्धौ/पूरणे), कृत्: क्वसु/उषी (पिप्युषी)

• पयः: milk; nourishment
• पयः: Karma (with प्रथयति implied) / or Object in apposition
• Type: Noun
• Root: पयस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अंशोः: of the soma-stalk / of the ray
• अंशोः: Sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंशु- (प्रातिपदिक; सोम-डण्ड/किरण)

• पीयूषम्: sweet juice; ambrosial sap
• पीयूषम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पीयूष- (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रथमम्: first
• प्रथमम्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम- (प्रातिपदिक)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Anuvāda/Correlative
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• उक्थ्यम्: worthy of recitation/praise; to be sung as an uktha
• उक्थ्यम्: Karma or Predicate
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उक्थ्य- (प्रातिपदिक; उक्थ-सम्बद्ध)