Rig Veda 2.13.1: Mandala 2, Sukta 13, Mantra 1

Sukta 2.13

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (traditional attribution for RV 2.13)

Devata: Indra (traditional Anukramaṇī for RV 2.13; verse imagery also resonates with Soma/Waters as supporting powers)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ऋतुर्जनित्री तस्या अपस्परि मक्षू जात आविशद्यासु वर्धते । तदाहना अभवत्पिप्युषी पयोंऽशोः पीयूषं प्रथमं तदुक्थ्यम् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 2.13.1

Transliteration

ṛtur janitrī tasyā apaḥ pari makṣū jāta āviśad yāsu vardhate | tad āhanā abhavat pipyuṣī payo ’ṃśoḥ pīyūṣaṃ prathamaṃ tad ukthyam ||

Translation

Ritu aur shakti jo paida karti hai, uske paas paani hai. Som ras jaldi paida hua aur us paani mein gaya jahan woh badhta hai. Phir woh gaay ban gayi jo doodh deti hai, bhari hui khushali se. Us ped ki daal ka ras pehla amrit hai, iski mahima gaani chahiye.

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Word by Word

• ऋतुः: the season; the proper time
• ऋतुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋतु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• जनित्री: the begetter; mother/producer
• जनित्री: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: √जन् (जनि-), कृत्: तृच्/त्री (जनित्री)

• तस्याः: of her
• तस्याः: Sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अपः: the waters
• अपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्- (जल) (प्रातिपदिक)

• परि: around; about
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• मक्षु: quickly; at once
• मक्षु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मक्षु (अव्यय)

• जातः: born
• जातः: Kartā (with आविशत्)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √जन्, क्त (जात)

• आ: towards; into
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अविशद्: entered
• अविशद्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विश् (प्रवेशने) + आ-

• यासु: in which (waters)
• यासु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वर्धते: grows; increases
• वर्धते: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृध् (वर्धने)

• तदा: then
• तदा: कालाधिकरण (Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय; तद् + दा)

• अहना: in two days; by (the space of) two days
• अहना: Adhikaraṇa (Temporal/Instrumental time-span)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभवत्: became
• अभवत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (भवति)

• पिप्युषी: swelling; becoming full (with milk)
• पिप्युषी: Kartā (with अभवत्)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √प्याय्/√पि (वृद्धौ/पूरणे), कृत्: क्वसु/उषी (पिप्युषी)

• पयः: milk; nourishment
• पयः: Karma (with प्रथयति implied) / or Object in apposition
• Type: Noun
• Root: पयस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अंशोः: of the soma-stalk / of the ray
• अंशोः: Sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंशु- (प्रातिपदिक; सोम-डण्ड/किरण)

• पीयूषम्: sweet juice; ambrosial sap
• पीयूषम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पीयूष- (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रथमम्: first
• प्रथमम्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम- (प्रातिपदिक)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Anuvāda/Correlative
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• उक्थ्यम्: worthy of recitation/praise; to be sung as an uktha
• उक्थ्यम्: Karma or Predicate
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उक्थ्य- (प्रातिपदिक; उक्थ-सम्बद्ध)