Sukta 4
Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (specific r̥ṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī for this section; commonly treated as anonymous/collective in late books)
Devata: Composite sovereignty: Agni–Sūrya–Yama–Mahendra (Indra) as a single power
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (with refrain-like cadence in pāda 2)
Mantras
Mantra 1
अध्यात्मम्। स ए॑ति सवि॒ता स्वऽर्दि॒वस्पृ॒ष्ठेऽव॒चाक॑शत्
Inwardly (in the self) he moveth on: Savitar goeth; on the back of heaven’s light he hath shone forth.
Mantra 2
र॒श्मिभि॒र्नभ॒ आभृ॑तं महे॒न्द्र ए॒त्यावृ॑तः
With rays the firmament is borne and filled: great Indra goeth on, encompassed round about.
Mantra 3
स धा॒ता स वि॑ध॒र्ता स वा॒युर्नभ॒ उच्छ्रि॑तम्। र॒श्मिभि॒र्नभ॒ आभृ॑तं महे॒न्द्र ए॒त्यावृ॑तः
He is the Ordainer, he the Upholder; he is Vāyu—aloft is the firmament upraised. With rays the firmament is borne and filled: great Indra goeth on, encompassed round about.
Mantra 4
सोऽर्य॒मा स वरु॑णः॒ स रु॒द्रः स म॑हादे॒वः। र॒श्मिभि॒र्नभ॒ आभृ॑तं महे॒न्द्र ए॒त्यावृ॑तः
He is Aryaman, he Varuṇa; he Rudra, he the Great God. With rays the firmament is borne and filled: great Indra goeth on, encompassed round about.
Mantra 5
सो अ॒ग्निः स उ॒ सूर्यः॒ स उ॑ ए॒व म॑हाय॒मः। र॒श्मिभि॒र्नभ॒ आभृ॑तं महे॒न्द्र ए॒त्यावृ॑तः
He is Agni; he, verily, is Sūrya; he indeed is great Yama. With rays the firmament is borne and filled: great Indra comes, encompassed round about.
Mantra 6
तं व॒त्सा उप॑ तिष्ठ॒न्त्येक॑शीर्षाणो यु॒ता दश॑ । र॒श्मिभि॒र्नभ॒ आभृ॑तं महे॒न्द्र ए॒त्यावृ॑तः
To him the calves draw near and stand—ten, in harness, one-headed. With rays the firmament is borne and filled: great Indra comes, encompassed round about.
Mantra 7
प॒श्चात् प्राञ्च॒ आ त॑न्वन्ति॒ यदु॒देति॒ वि भा॑सति । र॒श्मिभि॒र्नभ॒ आभृ॑तं महे॒न्द्र ए॒त्यावृ॑तः
From the rear to the fore they stretch abroad, when he arises and shines out widely. With rays the firmament is borne and filled: great Indra comes, encompassed round about.
Mantra 8
तस्यै॒ष मारु॑तो ग॒णः स ए॑ति शि॒क्याकृ॑तः
Of him this Marut-host is here: it comes, wrought as a hanging net.
Mantra 9
र॒श्मिभि॒र्नभ॒ आभृ॑तं महे॒न्द्र ए॒त्यावृ॑तः
With rays the firmament is borne and filled: great Indra comes, encompassed round about.
Mantra 10
तस्ये॒मे नव॒ कोशा॑ विष्ट॒म्भा न॑व॒धा हि॒ताः
His are these nine sheaths; ninefold are the props set firmly in their places.
Mantra 11
स प्र॒जाभ्यो॒ वि प॑श्यति॒ यच्च॑ प्रा॒णति॒ यच्च॒ न
For all his creatures he looks abroad, discerning what breathes and what breathes not.
Mantra 12
तमि॒दं निग॑तं॒ सहः॒ स ए॒ष एक॑ एक॒वृदेक॑ ए॒व
This might hath entered into this (all); he—this very one—is One, the Single-Vowed, One alone indeed.
Mantra 13
ए॒ते अ॑स्मिन् दे॒वा ए॑क॒वृतो॑ भवन्ति
In him these Gods become of one observance, gathered under a single rule.
Frequently Asked Questions
It proclaims that one sovereign divine power appears as many gods (Agni, Sūrya, Yama, Indra and others) and uses the image of sun-rays filling the sky to create an all-round protective enclosure for prosperity and order.
Rays function like binding, protective ‘bands’ that leave no opening for harm, while the firmament is the total ritual-cosmic field being ‘filled’—a way of saying protection and authority pervade everything.
Traditionally it suits prosperity-and-protection rites for a community or ruler: recited at dawn/midday, with purification, optional fire, and an encircling action or protective cord to mirror the hymn’s theme of being ‘encompassed round about.’
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