Rig Veda 4.39.3: Mandala 4, Sukta 39, Mantra 3
Sukta 4.39
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 4)
Devata: Dadhikrāvan (divine horse-power), with invoked powers: Agni, Uṣas, Aditi, Mitra-Varuṇa
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.39; verse appears triṣṭubh-like)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यो अश्वस्य दधिक्राव्णो अकारीत्समिद्धे अग्ना उषसो व्युष्टौ । अनागसं तमदितिः कृणोतु स मित्रेण वरुणेना सजोषाः ॥
Transliteration
yó aśvásya dadhikrā́vṇo ákārīt sámiddhe agnā́ uṣáso vyùṣṭau | anā́gasaṃ tám áditiḥ kṛṇotu sá mitréṇa váruṇenā sajóṣāḥ ||
Translation
ダディクラーヴァン（Dadhikrāvan）――馬の力ある者――のために供献のわざを整え、黎明の大いなる開けにアグニ（Agni）が燃え立つとき、かの者をアディティ（Aditi）が咎なき者、内なる過失なき者となさしめよ。ミトラ（Mitra）とヴァルナ（Varuṇa）と、和合して一つの調べに住まわんことを。
Word by Word
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Kartā (यः = कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी) / सम्बन्धः
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अश्वस्यof the horse
अश्वस्य:
सम्बन्धः (genitive: ‘of the horse’)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
दधिक्राव्णःof Dadhikrāvan (the divine steed)
दधिक्राव्णः:
सम्बन्धः (genitive: ‘of Dadhikrāvan’)
TypeNoun (proper/epithet)
Rootदधिक्रावन् (प्रातिपदिक; अश्व-देवता/अश्व-नाम)
अकारीत्has done / performed
अकारीत्:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया) / कर्तृ-क्रिया सम्बन्धः
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
समिद्धेin/at the kindled (fire)
समिद्धे:
Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘when/where kindled’)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootसम्-इध् → समिद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
अग्नौin the fire
अग्नौ:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
उषसःof Dawn
उषसः:
सम्बन्धः
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
व्युष्टौat the dawning / at daybreak
व्युष्टौ:
Adhikaraṇa (time: ‘at dawn’s breaking’)
TypeNoun
Rootवि-उष् → व्युष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
अनागसम्sinless, guiltless
अनागसम्:
Karma (object complement with कृणोतु) / विशेष्य-विशेषणभावः
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्-आगस् (प्रातिपदिक; नञ्-समास)
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अदितिःAditi
अदितिः:
Kartā
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootअदिति (प्रातिपदिक)
कृणोतुmay (she) make
कृणोतु:
Kriyā (आशीर्वाद/विधि)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
सःhe
सः:
Kartā (of implied ‘be/act’) / विषयः
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
मित्रेणwith Mitra
मित्रेण:
Karaṇa / सहकारक (instrumental of association)
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
वरुणेनwith Varuṇa
वरुणेन:
Karaṇa / सहकारक
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
सजोषाःin concord / in joint fellowship
सजोषाः:
Kartṛ-sāmānādhikaraṇya (predicate of सः)
TypeAdjective (predicative)
Rootस-जोṣस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘together-in-pleasure/accord’)
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