Deity

Yama

यम

Also called Yamraj

verses
5,974
books
37
chapters
2,365

What the texts say

In the Rigveda, King Yama, son of Vivasvat, is the one who went ahead and discerned the path for many. Rig Veda 10.14.1 In the same hymn, the departed are told they will behold Yama and the god Varuna. Rig Veda 10.14.7 The Mahabharata calls him a king of righteous disposition, lord over all embodied beings, tied to the southern direction. Mahabharata 3.160.8 In the Garuda Purana, his attendants lead the departed to him, and he presides as the one who discerns dharma and adharma. Garuda Purana 1.225.3, 2.6.135 In the Katha Upanishad, Yama teaches Nachiketa the sacred fire that is the source of all worlds, and Nachiketa's third request is to learn what happens when a person departs. Katha Upanishad 1.1.15, 1.1.20 In the Mahabharata, Savitri chooses as her boon that her husband Satyavan live, and Yama, saying so be it, releases the nooses. Mahabharata 3.281.51, 3.281.54

Where to read

Every verse that names Yama, book by book.

    • 6.1.26.5

      At a certain time, Yama spoke to his own servant—one with hair standing upright, intensely red eyes, blackened teeth, and a fearsome appearance.

    • 2.4.11.26

      Thus, O son, whoever performs this second day called ‘Yama’ becomes free from untimely death, surrounded by sons, grandsons, and the like.

    • 3.2.4.1

      Vyāsa said: Next, I shall recount the deeds of Dharmarāja; hearing them, fear of Yama’s messengers does not arise anywhere (in any circumstance).

    • 3.281.16

      Then Yama, by force of authority, drew out from Satyavat’s body a person (the vital self) of the size of a thumb, bound by a noose and brought under control.

    • 13.70.14

      Carrying out your instruction, I quickly departed. Reaching the splendid, vast assembly-hall of Vaivasvata (Yama), radiant in appearance, I saw it extending for thousands of yojanas, with golden ground.

    • 13.67.10

      Yama, rising and offering him due honor, spoke with authority: “Let this one be escorted away; bring another in his place.”

    • 7.23.45

      Whether one performed auspicious deeds or merely spoke what was auspicious, Citragupta—by Yama’s command—examined everything from the very root, for he was discerning.

    • 7.15.31

      Then, in order to bring those two—who had committed every kind of sin—Dharmarāja dispatched his servants, headed by Caṇḍa and others.

    • 6.66.1

      Nārada said: “O best of the gods, tell me the proper worship of Yama for my welfare. O Lord, how may a human being avoid going into the realms of hell?”

    • 2.6.8

      The king said: “O sage, I have practiced dharma with effort, according to my capacity. Yet, on hearing of Yama’s ordinances (and punishments), I feel deep fear within my heart.”

    • 1.2.48

      “O Rudra! I am Yama; I am also Niyama (discipline). I am the many kinds of sacred vows. I am the Sun and likewise the Moon; I am also Mars and the other planets as well.”

    • 1.6.55

      And Añjaka (or Antaka), Naraka, Kālanābha as well—these Nivātakavaca demons were born in the lineage of Prahlāda.

Key chapters

The chapters where Yama matters most.

  1. Sāvitrī’s Dialogue with Yama and the Restoration of Satyavān

    Mahabharata 3.281 · 50 verses

    Cosmic adjudicator of death and dharma, both antagonist and…

  2. Yamarāja Instructs the Yamadūtas: Supreme Authority, Mahājanas, and the Glory of the Holy Name

    Bhagavatam 6.3 · 24 verses

    Mahājana and cosmic judge who publicly subordinates his office…

  3. Instruction on the Glory of Hāṭakeśvara Kṣetra

    Skanda Purana 6.1.26 · 40 verses

  4. Yamadvitīyā Vrata: Procedure, Ethics, and Promised Outcomes

    Skanda Purana 2.4.11 · 34 verses

  5. Dharmāraṇya Māhātmya: Varddhanī-Dharma Dialogue, Śiva’s Boons, and the Institution of Dharmavāpī

    Skanda Purana 3.2.4 · 33 verses

  6. Śivaśarmā’s Vision of Worlds and the Encounter with Dharmarāja

    Skanda Purana 4.1.8 · 33 verses

  7. Yama-Yami Samvada: The Firmness of Yama's Mind

    Narasimha Purana 1.12 · 32 verses

  8. The Glory of Dharmarājeśvara and the Hāṭakeśvara-kṣetra Liṅga

    Skanda Purana 6.1.139 · 31 verses

  9. Aṃkapāda-darśana and the Yamaloka Episode (Sāndīpani’s Son and the Five Forms at Kuśasthalī)

    Skanda Purana 5.1.27 · 30 verses

  10. The Glory of Śukla Tīrtha on the Narmadā

    Skanda Purana 5.3.155 · 30 verses

Key episodes

  1. Nachiketa and Yama

    Katha Upanishad 1.1-2.3

Also known to Wikipedia · Wikidata Q45097