Rig Veda 4.13.5: Mandala 4, Sukta 13, Mantra 5
Sukta 4.13
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Skambha / Ṛta-supporting cosmic principle (implicit); also linked to Sūrya’s order
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अनायतो अनिबद्धः कथायं न्यङ्ङुत्तानोऽव पद्यते न । कया याति स्वधया को ददर्श दिवः स्कम्भः समृतः पाति नाकम् ॥
Transliteration
anā́yato áni-baddhaḥ kathā́yáṃ nyàṅ-uttānó ’va padyate ná | kayā́ yāti svadháyā káḥ dadarśa diváḥ skambháḥ sám-ṛtaḥ pā́ti nā́kam ||
Translation
導く者なく、縛るものなく——このものは逆さにうつぶせにされながら、いかにして下へ落ちぬのか。いかなる自法（svadhā）によって進み、誰がそれを見究めたのか――天の支柱、真理（ṛta）に凝り固まり、光輝の天蓋（nāka）を支え護るものを。
Word by Word
अना॑यतःnot going/striving; not directed
अना॑यतः:
विशेषण (कर्तृ/विषय-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-आयत (√यत् ‘to strive/extend’ with neg. a-) / prātipadika ‘अनायत’
अनिबद्धःunbound; not fastened
अनिबद्धः:
विशेषण (कर्तृ/विषय-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-बद्ध (√बन्ध् ‘to bind’ with neg. a-) / prātipadika ‘अनिबद्ध’
कथाstory; account; ‘how?’ (as a questioning notion)
कथा:
कर्तृ (of implied ‘is/exists’) / विषय
TypeNoun
Rootकथा / prātipadika
अयम्this
अयम्:
कर्तृ/विषय (deictic: ‘this’)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (sarvanāman stem)
निdown; into
नि:
(verb-modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (upasarga)
अङ्indeed/then (particle)
अङ्:
(discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअङ् (Vedic particle; often intensifying/connecting)
उत्तानःstretched out; lying extended
उत्तानः:
विशेषण (of implied subject) / अवस्था
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तान / prātipadika (ud-√तन् ‘to stretch out’)
अवdown; away
अव:
(verb-modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअव (upasarga)
पद्यतेsteps/goes; falls (into)
पद्यते:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√पद् ‘to go/step; to fall into’
नnot
न:
(sentence negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (particle)
कया॑by what?; by which (means)
कया॑:
करण (instrument/means) अथवा हेतु
TypePronoun
Rootक (interrogative pronoun stem)
यातिgoes
याति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√या ‘to go’
स्वधया॒by its own power; by inherent ordinance (svadhā)
स्वधया॒:
करण (means/power) / हेतु
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधा / prātipadika
कःwho?
कः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootक (interrogative pronoun)
ददर्शhas seen; saw
ददर्श:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√दृश् ‘to see’
दिवःof heaven; of the sky
दिवः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव् / द्यौ (prātipadika)
स्कम्भःsupport; prop; pillar
स्कम्भः:
कर्तृ/विषय
TypeNoun
Rootस्कम्भ / prātipadika (from √स्कभ् ‘to prop/support’)
समृतःwell-compacted; firmly joined
समृतः:
विशेषण (of स्कम्भः)
TypeAdjective
Rootसमृत / prātipadika (saṃ-√ऋ ‘to fit/join/arrange’; ‘well-joined/compacted’)
पातिprotects
पाति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√पा ‘to protect’
नाकम्heaven; celestial realm
नाकम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootनाक / prātipadika
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