Rig Veda 4.13.5: Mandala 4, Sukta 13, Mantra 5

Sukta 4.13

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Skambha / Ṛta-supporting cosmic principle (implicit); also linked to Sūrya’s order

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अनायतो अनिबद्धः कथायं न्यङ्ङुत्तानोऽव पद्यते न । कया याति स्वधया को ददर्श दिवः स्कम्भः समृतः पाति नाकम् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.13.5

Transliteration

anā́yato áni-baddhaḥ kathā́yáṃ nyàṅ-uttānó ’va padyate ná | kayā́ yāti svadháyā káḥ dadarśa diváḥ skambháḥ sám-ṛtaḥ pā́ti nā́kam ||

Translation

Koi isko lead nahi kar raha, koi baandh ke nahi rakha. Phir bhi yeh neeche kyun nahi girta, jabki sar ke bal khada hai? Apne aap kaise chalta hai, kisne dekha hai? Aasman ka yeh khamba, sach mein pakka hai, upar ki duniya ko sambhale huye.

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Word by Word

• अना॑यतः: not going/striving; not directed
• अना॑यतः: विशेषण (कर्तृ/विषय-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-आयत (√यत् ‘to strive/extend’ with neg. a-) / prātipadika ‘अनायत’

• अनिबद्धः: unbound; not fastened
• अनिबद्धः: विशेषण (कर्तृ/विषय-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि-बद्ध (√बन्ध् ‘to bind’ with neg. a-) / prātipadika ‘अनिबद्ध’

• कथा: story; account; ‘how?’ (as a questioning notion)
• कथा: कर्तृ (of implied ‘is/exists’) / विषय
• Type: Noun
• Root: कथा / prātipadika

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: कर्तृ/विषय (deictic: ‘this’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (sarvanāman stem)

• नि: down; into
• नि: (verb-modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि (upasarga)

• अङ्: indeed/then (particle)
• अङ्: (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अङ् (Vedic particle; often intensifying/connecting)

• उत्तानः: stretched out; lying extended
• उत्तानः: विशेषण (of implied subject) / अवस्था
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तान / prātipadika (ud-√तन् ‘to stretch out’)

• अव: down; away
• अव: (verb-modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अव (upasarga)

• पद्यते: steps/goes; falls (into)
• पद्यते: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पद् ‘to go/step; to fall into’

• न: not
• न: (sentence negator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (particle)

• कया॑: by what?; by which (means)
• कया॑: करण (instrument/means) अथवा हेतु
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (interrogative pronoun stem)

• याति: goes
• याति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या ‘to go’

• स्वधया॒: by its own power; by inherent ordinance (svadhā)
• स्वधया॒: करण (means/power) / हेतु
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वधा / prātipadika

• कः: who?
• कः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (interrogative pronoun)

• ददर्श: has seen; saw
• ददर्श: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् ‘to see’

• दिवः: of heaven; of the sky
• दिवः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् / द्यौ (prātipadika)

• स्कम्भः: support; prop; pillar
• स्कम्भः: कर्तृ/विषय
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्कम्भ / prātipadika (from √स्कभ् ‘to prop/support’)

• समृतः: well-compacted; firmly joined
• समृतः: विशेषण (of स्कम्भः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समृत / prātipadika (saṃ-√ऋ ‘to fit/join/arrange’; ‘well-joined/compacted’)

• पाति: protects
• पाति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पा ‘to protect’

• नाकम्: heaven; celestial realm
• नाकम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाक / prātipadika