Rig Veda 4.13.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 13, Mantra 2
Sukta 4.13
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Savitṛ; with Varuṇa-Mitra as upholders of vrata
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऊर्ध्वं भानुं सविता देवो अश्रेद्द्रप्सं दविध्वद्गविषो न सत्वा । अनु व्रतं वरुणो यन्ति मित्रो यत्सूर्यं दिव्यारोहयन्ति ॥
Transliteration
ūrdhvám bhānúṃ savitā́ devó aśret drapsáṃ davídhvad gaviṣó ná satvā́ | ánu vratáṃ váruṇo yanti mítró yát sū́ryaṃ divy ā́rohayanti ||
Translation
サヴィトリ（Savitṛ）なる神は、上へ向かう光の光線を高く掲げ、輝く滴を動かした――光を求める剛なる者のごとく。ヴァルナ（Varuṇa）とミトラ（Mitra）はリタ（ṛta）の誓いに従って進み、天に太陽を昇らせる。
Word by Word
ऊर्ध्वम्upwards, aloft
ऊर्ध्वम्:
Adhikaraṇa (दिशा/गतिविशेषः)
TypeAdjective (used adverbially)
Rootऊर्ध्व (प्रातिपदिक)
भानुम्beam, radiance
भानुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभानु (प्रातिपदिक)
सविताSavitṛ (the impeller, Sun-god)
सविता:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
देवःthe god
देवः:
Kartā (सविता-देवः समनाधिकरणम्)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
अश्रेत्set/placed, propped, established
अश्रेत्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootश्रि (धातु) / श्रय् (वेद.)
द्रप्सम्drop; shining drop (ray/bright speck)
द्रप्सम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रप्स (प्रातिपदिक)
दविध्वत्he drove/impelled; made to move swiftly
दविध्वत्:
Kriyā (अनुक्रिया/सहक्रिया)
TypeVerb (participle-like finite form in Vedic usage)
Rootदविध्व (धातु-भावः; वेद. तीव्र-गमन/कम्पनार्थक)
गविषःthe seeker of cows (cattle-winner)
गविषः:
Kartā (उपमानपद-सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootगविष् (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
सत्वाa strong one, vigorous being
सत्वा:
Kartā (उपमेयः/उपमानस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्वन्/सत्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
अनुafter, along, in accordance with
अनु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु
व्रतम्ordinance, fixed law
व्रतम्:
Karma (अनु + यन्ति इत्यत्र)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
वरुणःVaruṇa
वरुणः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
यन्तिthey go, they proceed
यन्ति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
मित्रःMitra
मित्रः:
Kartā (वरुणः ... मित्रः—समुच्चितकर्तृ)
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्which, that (which)
यत्:
Karma (आरोहयन्ति इत्यत्र)
TypeRelative pronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सूर्यम्the Sun
सूर्यम्:
Karma (आरोहयन्ति इत्यत्र)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
दिव्याwith divine (power/means)
दिव्या:
Karaṇa
TypeAdjective
Rootदिव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
आरोहयन्तिthey cause to mount/ascend; they raise
आरोहयन्ति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootरुह् (धातु) + आ (उपसर्ग) + णिच्
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