Rig Veda 3.49.4: Mandala 3, Sukta 49, Mantra 4
Sukta 3.49
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (hymn-level attribution assumed for Mandala 3)
Devata: Indra (with Vāyu/Dhīṣaṇā as comparative or allied powers in the imagery)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
धर्ता दिवो रजसस्पृष्ट ऊर्ध्वो रथो न वायुर्वसुभिर्नियुत्वान् । क्षपां वस्ता जनिता सूर्यस्य विभक्ता भागं धिषणेव वाजम् ॥
Transliteration
dhartā́ divó rájasas pṛṣṭá ūrdhvó rathó ná vāyúrvásubhir niyútvān | kṣapā́m vastā́ janitā́ sū́ryasya víbhaktā bhāgáṃ dhiṣáṇeva vā́jam ||
Translation
彼は天の支え手、中空（中界）の背に据えられ、戦車のごとく上へと昇る。ヴァーユ（Vāyu）がヴァス（Vasus）とともに軛を結ぶがごとく。夜を織る者、太陽を生む者。彼は分け前を配し、ディーシャナー（Dhīṣaṇā）のように、満ちあふれる力・糧（vāja）を分与して、われらの成就をもたらす。
Word by Word
धर्ताsupporter, bearer
धर्ता:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun (agent)
Rootधृ (धारणे) → धर्तृ- (कर्तरि तृच्)
दिवःof heaven
दिवः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ- (प्रातिपदिक: दिव्/द्यौ ‘heaven’)
रजसःof the midspace/atmospheric region
रजसः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootरजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
पृष्टःtouched, contacted
पृष्टः:
कर्तृ (as qualifier of the subject)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootस्पृश् (स्पर्शने) → पृष्ट- (कृदन्त, क्त)
ऊर्ध्वःupright, aloft
ऊर्ध्वः:
कर्तृ (as qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootऊर्ध्व (प्रातिपदिक)
रथःchariot
रथः:
कर्तृ (apposition/metaphor)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (उपमा-अव्यय)
वायुःVāyu (Wind)
वायुः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootवायु (प्रातिपदिक)
वसुभिःwith the Vasus (with the bright gods/wealths)
वसुभिः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootवसु (प्रातिपदिक)
नियुत्वान्possessing (well-)yoked teams
नियुत्वान्:
कर्तृ (as qualifier of वायुः)
TypeAdjective
Rootनियुत् (प्रातिपदिक ‘yoking, team’) + वत् (मतुप्/वतुप्) → नियुत्वन्त्
क्षपाम्of the nights
क्षपाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षप्/क्षपा (प्रातिपदिक ‘night’)
वस्ताdweller; one who abides (through the nights)
वस्ता:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun (agent)
Rootवस् (आच्छादने/निवासे) → वस्तृ- (कर्तरि तृच्)
जनिताbegetter, producer
जनिता:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun (agent)
Rootजन् (जनने) → जनितृ- (कर्तरि तृच्)
सूर्यस्यof Sūrya (the Sun)
सूर्यस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
विभक्ताdistributor, apportioner
विभक्ता:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun (agent)
Rootभज् (विभागे) + वि- → विभक्तृ- (कर्तरि तृच्)
भागम्share, portion
भागम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootभाग (प्रातिपदिक)
धिषणेthe two Dhīṣaṇās (dual powers of inspiration)
धिषणे:
कर्तृ (as standard of comparison with इव)
TypeNoun
Rootधिषणा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘inspiration/insight’, also personified)
इवas if, like
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (उपमा-अव्यय)
वाजम्prize; strength; (ritual) reward
वाजम्:
कर्म (object of implied ‘to distribute/award’)
TypeNoun
Rootवाज (प्रातिपदिक)
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