Rig Veda 3.49.4: Mandala 3, Sukta 49, Mantra 4

Sukta 3.49

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (hymn-level attribution assumed for Mandala 3)

Devata: Indra (with Vāyu/Dhīṣaṇā as comparative or allied powers in the imagery)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

धर्ता दिवो रजसस्पृष्ट ऊर्ध्वो रथो न वायुर्वसुभिर्नियुत्वान् । क्षपां वस्ता जनिता सूर्यस्य विभक्ता भागं धिषणेव वाजम् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.49.4

Transliteration

dhartā́ divó rájasas pṛṣṭá ūrdhvó rathó ná vāyúrvásubhir niyútvān | kṣapā́m vastā́ janitā́ sū́ryasya víbhaktā bhāgáṃ dhiṣáṇeva vā́jam ||

Translation

Woh aasman ko pakde rakhta hai, duniya ke beech mein base hue. Jaise rath upar jaata hai, waise woh uthta hai. Jaise hawa ke saath log judte hain, waise woh judta hai. Raat ko woh bunta hai, sooraj ko paida karta hai. Woh hissa baantta hai, jaise koi daulat baant raha ho.

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Word by Word

• धर्ता: supporter, bearer
• धर्ता: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: धृ (धारणे) → धर्तृ- (कर्तरि तृच्)

• दिवः: of heaven
• दिवः: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ- (प्रातिपदिक: दिव्/द्यौ ‘heaven’)

• रजसः: of the midspace/atmospheric region
• रजसः: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृष्टः: touched, contacted
• पृष्टः: कर्तृ (as qualifier of the subject)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: स्पृश् (स्पर्शने) → पृष्ट- (कृदन्त, क्त)

• ऊर्ध्वः: upright, aloft
• ऊर्ध्वः: कर्तृ (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऊर्ध्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• रथः: chariot
• रथः: कर्तृ (apposition/metaphor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-अव्यय)

• वायुः: Vāyu (Wind)
• वायुः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायु (प्रातिपदिक)

• वसुभिः: with the Vasus (with the bright gods/wealths)
• वसुभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु (प्रातिपदिक)

• नियुत्वान्: possessing (well-)yoked teams
• नियुत्वान्: कर्तृ (as qualifier of वायुः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नियुत् (प्रातिपदिक ‘yoking, team’) + वत् (मतुप्/वतुप्) → नियुत्वन्त्

• क्षपाम्: of the nights
• क्षपाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षप्/क्षपा (प्रातिपदिक ‘night’)

• वस्ता: dweller; one who abides (through the nights)
• वस्ता: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: वस् (आच्छादने/निवासे) → वस्तृ- (कर्तरि तृच्)

• जनिता: begetter, producer
• जनिता: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: जन् (जनने) → जनितृ- (कर्तरि तृच्)

• सूर्यस्य: of Sūrya (the Sun)
• सूर्यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• विभक्ता: distributor, apportioner
• विभक्ता: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: भज् (विभागे) + वि- → विभक्तृ- (कर्तरि तृच्)

• भागम्: share, portion
• भागम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाग (प्रातिपदिक)

• धिषणे: the two Dhīṣaṇās (dual powers of inspiration)
• धिषणे: कर्तृ (as standard of comparison with इव)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धिषणा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘inspiration/insight’, also personified)

• इव: as if, like
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (उपमा-अव्यय)

• वाजम्: prize; strength; (ritual) reward
• वाजम्: कर्म (object of implied ‘to distribute/award’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक)