Rig Veda Sukta 18
Mandala 4Sukta 1813 Mantras

Sukta 18

Sukta 4.18

Rishi

Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional for RV 4.18)

Devata

Indra (narrative/cosmogonic framing in the hymn; often interpreted as Indra’s birth episode)

Chandas

Triṣṭubh

RV 4.18は、インドラの不可思議な誕生と、ただちに「障碍を破る者」として定められた宿命を軸に据える、劇的な宇宙創成=英雄譚的讃歌である。母と子、諸水、そして共同体の宣言が交錯する緊迫した対話風の語りによって、インドラへの非難を退けて弁護し、ヴリトラ殺しと河川の解放という偉業を想起させ、最後は人間的な危機と回復の峻烈な一節で閉じられる――śyena(鷹)がmadhu(甘美な精髄)を運び来るのである。

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.18

Mantras

Mantra 1

अयं पन्था अनुवित्तः पुराणो यतो देवा उदजायन्त विश्वे । अतश्चिदा जनिषीष्ट प्रवृद्धो मा मातरममुया पत्तवे कः ॥

これは古の道、ふたたび見いだされたもの。ここより、すべての神々は上へと生まれ出た。まさにここから、汝は力を増しつつ出産まれようとする。されどその衝きによりて母を打ち倒すな——いったい誰がそのようなことをするであろうか。

Mantra 2

नाहमतो निरया दुर्गहैतत्तिरश्चता पार्श्वान्निर्गमाणि । बहूनि मे अकृता कर्त्वानि युध्यै त्वेन सं त्वेन पृच्छै ॥

われはここより、この越えがたき閉じこめから、まっすぐの道で出はしない。脇のほうより、横に身をよじって出ねばならぬ。われにはなお成されぬ業が多い。それらと戦い抜くため、汝と合一を求め、かの一体のうちに汝に問いかける。

Mantra 3

परायतीं मातरमन्वचष्ट न नानु गान्यनु नू गमानि । त्वष्टुर्गृहे अपिबत्सोममिन्द्रः शतधन्यं चम्वोः सुतस्य ॥

彼は逃れゆく母を見つめて言った。「否、われは常の轍に従っては行かぬ。われはありふれた道を行かぬ。」トヴァシュトリ(Tvaṣṭṛ)の家にて、インドラ(Indra)はソーマ(Soma)を飲んだ——鉢に搾り出された、百重に富み満たす聖なる飲みものを。

Mantra 4

किं स ऋधक्कृणवद्यं सहस्रं मासो जभार शरदश्च पूर्वीः । नही न्वस्य प्रतिमानमस्त्यन्तर्जातेषूत ये जनित्वाः ॥

いかなる別異の業が、千の月と多くの先なる秋を担った彼に比し得ようか。まことに、生まれし者のうちにも、また生みの源となる者のうちにも、彼に対する尺度も比量もない。

Mantra 5

अवद्यमिव मन्यमाना गुहाकरिन्द्रं माता वीर्येणा न्यृष्टम् । अथोदस्थात्स्वयमत्कं वसान आ रोदसी अपृणाज्जायमानः ॥

母は彼をあたかも咎あるものと思い、インドラを隠れ処として、己が武威によって押し沈めた。しかるに彼は自ら起ち、鎧をまとい、出生するや、二つの世界—天と地—を満たした。

Mantra 6

एता अर्षन्त्यललाभवन्तीॠतावरीरिव संक्रोशमानाः । एता वि पृच्छ किमिदं भनन्ति कमापो अद्रिं परिधिं रुजन्ति ॥

これらは奔り出で、ṛta(宇宙の正序)を守る者のごとく叫び立てる。彼女らに明らかに問え—これは何を告げるのか。誰のために、水は石の囲い、境界の堤を打ち破るのか。

Mantra 7

किमु ष्विदस्मै निविदो भनन्तेन्द्रस्यावद्यं दिधिषन्त आपः । ममैतान्पुत्रो महता वधेन वृत्रं जघन्वाँ असृजद्वि सिन्धून् ॥

いかなるゆえに、彼のために宣言(ニヴィド)が鳴りひびくのか――水たちはインドラに咎(とが)を結びつけようとするのか。わが子は大いなる武器をもってヴリトラ(Vṛtra)を討ち、川々を解き放って広く流れさせた。

Mantra 8

ममच्चन त्वा युवतिः परास ममच्चन त्वा कुषवा जगार । ममच्चिदापः शिशवे ममृड्युर्ममच्चिदिन्द्रः सहसोदतिष्ठत् ॥

わが若き力でさえ汝を退け得ず、産婆たちでさえ汝を屈せしめ得なかった。水たちさえその幼子に譲り、インドラさえ自らの力によって起ち上がった。

Mantra 9

ममच्चन ते मघवन्व्यंसो निविविध्वाँ अप हनू जघान । अधा निविद्ध उत्तरो बभूवाञ्छिरो दासस्य सं पिणग्वधेन ॥

汝に対しては、施与者(マガヴァン)よ、襲いかかる者も勝ち得なかった――迫り来るとき、汝はその顎を打ち砕いた。かくして貫き出で、汝は上位となり、決定の一撃でダーサ(Dāsa)の頭を粉砕した。

Mantra 10

गृष्टिः ससूव स्थविरं तवागामनाधृष्यं वृषभं तुम्रमिन्द्रम् । अरीळ्हं वत्सं चरथाय माता स्वयं गातुं तन्व इच्छमानम् ॥

強き牝牛は汝のために、堅固にして進みゆくインドラを産んだ——攻め難き牡牛、力において猛き者を。母は、遍歴のために傷なき仔を産み、彼はみずから、その存在の身のための道を求めていた。

Mantra 11

उत माता महिषमन्ववेनदमी त्वा जहति पुत्र देवाः । अथाब्रवीद्वृत्रमिन्द्रो हनिष्यन्त्सखे विष्णो वितरं वि क्रमस्व ॥

また母は、その大いなる者の後を追い、「わが子よ、これらの神々は汝を捨てる」と言った。するとインドラは、ヴリトラ(Vṛtra)を討たんとして語った。「友よヴィシュヌ(Viṣṇu)、さらに広く歩み出でよ、通路を大きく開け。」

Mantra 12

कस्ते मातरं विधवामचक्रच्छयुं कस्त्वामजिघांसच्चरन्तम् । कस्ते देवो अधि मार्डीक आसीद्यत्प्राक्षिणाः पितरं पादगृह्य ॥

誰が汝の母を寡婦とし、汝を捨て子としたのか。誰が道行く汝を殺そうとしたのか。汝が父を足をつかんで打ち倒したとき、癒しの慈恩をもって汝の上に立った神は誰であったか。

Mantra 13

अवर्त्या शुन आन्त्राणि पेचे न देवेषु विविदे मर्डितारम् । अपश्यं जायाममहीयमानामधा मे श्येनो मध्वा जभार ॥

苦難のうちに、わたしは犬の腸を煮た。神々の中に、わたしを癒し正しく立て直す者を見いだせなかった。わたしは、わが妻が貶められ、その偉大さを奪われてゆくのを見た。そのとき、わたしのために、隼が蜜なる甘味を運んで来た。

Inside Sukta 18

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    An ‘ancient path’ is rediscovered—the primordial route by which the gods arise—introducing Indra’s extraordinary birth-frame and a caution against destructive impulse toward the mother.

  2. Development

    The hymn moves through contesting voices and justifications: proclamations about Indra, the Waters’ implied accusation, and the mother’s defense that the son’s deed is cosmic deliverance—Vṛtra slain and rivers released.

  3. Climax

    Indra’s world-turning act is asserted as decisive proof of his rightful power: the obstruction is broken and the waters flow wide.

  4. Where it settles

    The tone shifts to a stark personal-cosmic crisis and healing motif—no easy rescuer is found among the gods, yet the śyena brings madhu, signaling recovered essence, vitality, and restored fortune.

The deity: Indra

  • In the VedaIndra is praised as the thunder-wielding, soma-strengthened hero whose might breaks the fortresses of obstruction; he is defended even amid controversy, with the Waters and the hymn’s speakers framing his deeds as world-ordering.
  • Cosmic functionHe establishes ṛta by defeating Vṛtra (the withholder), releasing the waters/rivers and restoring movement, fertility, and expansive space for life.
  • Inner significanceIndra symbolizes awakened force of will and clarity that breaks inner blockage—fear, inertia, constriction—so the ‘rivers’ of energy, insight, and joy can flow again.

The seer

  • Vāmadeva GautamaGautama gotra (Vāmadeva of the Gautamas) · A major Ṛgvedic seer of Mandala 4, renowned for visionary, psychologically intense hymns—especially the Indra narratives and the celebrated “Vāmadeva” self-realization strain of poetry.

Famous verses

ayam panthā anuvittaḥ purāṇaḥ
Verse 4.18.1Sets the cosmogonic frame (‘ancient path’ of divine emergence) and introduces the tense birth-episode with an ethical warning against violent misdirection of power.Read verse 4.18.1 →
किमु ष्विदस्मै निविदो भनन्तेन्द्रस्यावद्यं दिधिषन्त आपः । ममैतान्पुत्रो महता वधेन वृत्रं जघन्वाँ असृजद्वि सिन्धून् ॥
Verse 4.18.7A central defense of Indra: despite implied blame, the hymn insists his Vṛtra-slaying releases the rivers—his deed is liberation, not fault.Read verse 4.18.7 →
śyeno madhv ā jabhāra
Verse 4.18.13Striking closing verse that juxtaposes extremity and restoration; the śyena bringing madhu becomes a symbol of recovered sweetness/essence after distress.Read verse 4.18.13 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Vṛtrahan (slayer of Vṛtra)
  • Vajrin (wielder of the vajra)
  • Soma-empowered
  • Liberator of waters and rivers
  • Protector of the community
  • Controversial-yet-justified power (beyond ordinary blame)

Also by this seer

  • Primary seer associated with many hymns of Rig Veda Mandala 4 (especially Indra-centered sūktas).
  • Linked in later tradition with profound insight into the identity of the seer and the divine (often discussed under the ‘Vāmadeva’ visionary motif).

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the sacred space and kindle Agni; establish purified waters as auspicious witnesses.
  • Press/offer Soma (or its ritual substitute where applicable) while reciting selected Triṣṭubh verses from RV 4.18 to call Indra’s strength.
  • Recite verses highlighting Indra’s birth/manifestation and his world-liberating act (Vṛtra-slaying, river-release) to ‘open the path’.
  • Conclude with prayers for protection and restoration—turning crisis into sweetness/essence (madhu), aligning the sacrificer with Indra’s victorious force.

Offerings

  • Soma libations (primary)
  • Ghee/clarified butter into Agni
  • Oblations with water as a supporting auspicious element

Frequently Asked Questions

It is a narrative hymn that frames Indra’s unusual birth and then defends his power by pointing to his greatest deed: slaying Vṛtra and releasing the rivers (waters) to flow freely.

The hymn acknowledges a tension—voices (including the Waters) seem to ‘attach fault’—but it overturns that by arguing that Indra’s action restores cosmic order and life-giving flow.

It functions as a symbol of sudden recovery and essence: after distress and lack of help, a swift, higher force brings ‘madhu’—sweetness, vitality, or the nourishing core of life.

Ask anything about Sukta 18 of the Rig Veda

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