Rig Veda 6.21.3: Mandala 6, Sukta 21, Mantra 3
Sukta 6.21
Rishi: Bharadvāja (Bārhaspatya) (traditional)
Devata: Indra (with Sūrya as allied power)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
स इत्तमोऽवयुनं ततन्वत्सूर्येण वयुनवच्चकार । कदा ते मर्ता अमृतस्य धामेयक्षन्तो न मिनन्ति स्वधावः ॥
Transliteration
sa it tamo 'vayunaṃ tatanvat sūryeṇa vayunavat cakāra | kadā te martā amṛtasya dhāma iyakṣanto na minanti svadhāvaḥ ||
Translation
他确然铺展那无正辨之幽暗；又以太阳使之充满光明的秩序（vayuna）。何时你的人间众生，向不死之居所（dhāman）献供时，便不再亏减——噢，自主自力者（svadhāvat）？
Word by Word
सःhe
सः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → स
इत्indeed, just
इत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत् (निपात) अथवा इद् (निपात-रूप)
तमःbest, most excellent
तमः:
कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
TypeAdjective
Rootतम (सर्वोत्तम/अतिशयार्थक-प्रातिपदिक; ‘तम’ = most)
अवयुनम्(his) wondrous/secret device, stratagem
अवयुनम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअवयुन (प्रातिपदिक; a- + वयुन ‘skill, device, plan’)
ततन्वत्spreading, extending
ततन्वत्:
कर्तृ (सः … ततन्वत् = ‘he, spreading…’)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√तन् (तनु॒) ‘to stretch, spread’
सूर्येणwith/by the Sun
सूर्येण:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
वयुनवत्endowed with skill/wise device
वयुनवत्:
कर्म-विशेषणम्
TypeAdjective
Rootवयुनवत् (प्रातिपदिक; वयुन + वत् ‘possessing’)
चकारhe has made, he fashioned
चकार:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (करोति) ‘to do, make’
कदाwhen?
कदा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदा (अव्यय)
तेof you, your
ते:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → त्वद्
मर्ताःmortals
मर्ताः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
अमृतस्यof immortality, of the immortal (state)
अमृतस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत (प्रातिपदिक)
धामabode, station
धाम:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootधामन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘seat, abode, ordinance, splendor’)
ईयक्षन्तःworshipping, sacrificing
ईयक्षन्तः:
कर्तृ (मर्ताः … ईयक्षन्तः = ‘mortals worshipping…’)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√यज् (यजति) ‘to worship, sacrifice’ (वैदिक: desiderative/iterative nuance possible)
नnot
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध-अव्यय)
मिनन्तिthey diminish/violate
मिनन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√मि/√मिन् (मिनोति/मिनाति) ‘to diminish, injure, transgress’
स्वधावःpossessing svadhā (own power/ritual potency)
स्वधावः:
कर्तृ-विशेषणम् (मर्ताः) / कर्तृ (उपपद-भावे)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootस्वधा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘own power/impulse; ritual Svadhā’) + वस्/वत् (possessive) → स्वधावन्
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