Rig Veda Sukta 3
Mandala 5Sukta 312 Mantras

Sukta 3

Sukta 5.3

Rishi

Vasiṣṭha (traditional for RV 5.3)

Devata

Agni (as embodying Varuṇa, Mitra, Indra)

Chandas

Triṣṭubh

अयं सूक्तः अग्निं बहुरूपं दिव्यं शक्तिं स्तौति—यः प्रज्वलितः सन् वरुणस्य सार्वभौमं ऋतं, मित्रस्य सौहार्दं, इन्द्रस्य जयिनं बलं च धारयति। उपासकं स एनं पापात्, परुषवाक्यात्, गूढात् प्रकटाच्च हिंसात् पातु इति प्रार्थ्यते; शापान् अपवर्तयतु, वसून् प्रति यामं सम्यक् प्रवर्तयतु—कल्याणं समृद्धिं च पुनः स्थापयतु।

Recitation with translationRig Veda 5.3

Mantras

Mantra 1

त्वमग्ने वरुणो जायसे यत्त्वं मित्रो भवसि यत्समिद्धः । त्वे विश्वे सहसस्पुत्र देवास्त्वमिन्द्रो दाशुषे मर्त्याय ॥

त्वमग्ने वरुणो जायसे यत्त्वं मित्रो भवसि यत्समिद्धः। त्वे विश्वे सहसस्पुत्र देवास्त्वमिन्द्रो दाशुषे मर्त्याय॥

Mantra 2

त्वमर्यमा भवसि यत्कनीनां नाम स्वधावन्गुह्यं बिभर्षि । अञ्जन्ति मित्रं सुधितं न गोभिर्यद्दम्पती समनसा कृणोषि ॥

त्वमर्यमा भवसि यत्कनीनां नाम स्वधावन्गुह्यं बिभर्षि। अञ्जन्ति मित्रं सुधितं न गोभिर्यद्दम्पती समनसा कृणोषि॥

Mantra 3

तव श्रिये मरुतो मर्जयन्त रुद्र यत्ते जनिम चारु चित्रम् । पदं यद्विष्णोरुपमं निधायि तेन पासि गुह्यं नाम गोनाम् ॥

हे रुद्र! तव श्रिये मरुतोऽपि स्वयमेव मर्जयन्ते, यत् ते जनिम चारु चित्रं च। यदा विष्णोः पदम् अनुपमं निधायि, तेन त्वं गोनाां (रश्मीनां) गुह्यं नाम पालयसि।

Mantra 4

तव श्रिया सुदृशो देव देवाः पुरू दधाना अमृतं सपन्त । होतारमग्निं मनुषो नि षेदुर्दशस्यन्त उशिजः शंसमायोः ॥

हे देव! तव श्रिया देवाः सुदृशो भवन्ति, अमृतं पुरू दधानाः। मनुष्योऽन्तः होतारम् अग्निं नि षीदुः; उशिजः शंसमायोः दशस्यन्तः, पूर्णतायै तमुपासते।

Mantra 5

न त्वद्धोता पूर्वो अग्ने यजीयान्न काव्यैः परो अस्ति स्वधावः । विशश्च यस्या अतिथिर्भवासि स यज्ञेन वनवद्देव मर्तान् ॥

हे अग्ने! त्वत्तः पूर्वो न कश्चिद् होता, न च यजीयान्; हे स्वधावः, काव्यैः परोऽपि नास्ति। यस्य विशश्च त्वम् अतिथिर्भवसि, स मर्त्यो यज्ञेन, हे देव, मर्तान् (मानवान् बलान्) वशं नयति स्वस्वत्वे च स्थापयति।

Mantra 6

वयमग्ने वनुयाम त्वोता वसूयवो हविषा बुध्यमानाः । वयं समर्ये विदथेष्वह्नां वयं राया सहसस्पुत्र मर्तान् ॥

वयमग्ने त्वोता वसूयवो हविषा बुध्यमानाः वनुयाम। वयं समर्ये विदथेष्वह्नां वयं राया सहसस्पुत्र मर्तान् वनुयाम॥

Mantra 7

यो न आगो अभ्येनो भरात्यधीदघमघशंसे दधात । जही चिकित्वो अभिशस्तिमेतामग्ने यो नो मर्चयति द्वयेन ॥

यो न आगो अभ्येनो भरात्यधीदघमघशंसे दधात। जही चिकित्वो अभिशस्तिमेतामग्ने यो नो मर्चयति द्वयेन॥

Mantra 8

त्वामस्या व्युषि देव पूर्वे दूतं कृण्वाना अयजन्त हव्यैः । संस्थे यदग्न ईयसे रयीणां देवो मर्तैर्वसुभिरिध्यमानः ॥

त्वामस्या व्युषि देव पूर्वे दूतं कृण्वाना अयजन्त हव्यैः। संस्थे यदग्न ईयसे रयीणां देवो मर्तैर्वसुभिरिध्यमानः॥

Mantra 9

अव स्पृधि पितरं योधि विद्वान्पुत्रो यस्ते सहसः सून ऊहे । कदा चिकित्वो अभि चक्षसे नोऽग्ने कदाँ ऋतचिद्यातयासे ॥

अग्ने सहसः सूनो, ऊहे गूढकर्मणि विद्वान् पुत्रः सन् पितरं प्रति अव स्पृधि, योधि। चिकीत्त्वन्, कदा नः अभि चक्षसे? कदा ऋतचिद् एव नः पन्थानं यातयासि?

Mantra 10

भूरि नाम वन्दमानो दधाति पिता वसो यदि तज्जोषयासे । कुविद्देवस्य सहसा चकानः सुम्नमग्निर्वनते वावृधानः ॥

यो वन्दमानो नाम्नि भूरि दधाति, वसोः पितः, यदि तत् त्वं जोषयासे। देवस्य सहसा चकानः, वावृधानोऽग्निः सुम्नं नूनं वनते।

Mantra 11

त्वमङ्ग जरितारं यविष्ठ विश्वान्यग्ने दुरिताति पर्षि । स्तेना अदृश्रन्रिपवो जनासोऽज्ञातकेता वृजिना अभूवन् ॥

त्वं हि यविष्ठ अग्ने जरितारं विश्वानि दुरितानि पारयसि। स्तेनाः प्रादृश्यन्त; रिपवो जनासोऽज्ञातकेतवो वृजिनाः अभूवन्।

Mantra 12

इमे यामासस्त्वद्रिगभूवन्वसवे वा तदिदागो अवाचि । नाहायमग्निरभिशस्तये नो न रीषते वावृधानः परा दात् ॥

इमे यामासस्त्वदभिमुखा अभवन् वसोः प्रति; तदेव नः दोष इति प्रोच्यते। न तु अयमग्निरस्माकमभिशस्तये; वर्धमानो न रीष्यति, स च तामनिष्टां नः परतो ददाति।

Inside Sukta 3

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Agni is invoked as the unified divine power—born as Varuṇa, becoming Mitra when kindled, and acting as Indra for the generous mortal.

  2. Development

    The hymn turns from praise to petition: Agni is asked to guard the sacrificer from sin, guilt, and hostile imprecations, including attacks that come both openly and secretly.

  3. Climax

    A sharp protective command: Agni should strike down the abhiśasti and crush the one who harms ‘in the double way’ (visible and hidden).

  4. Where it settles

    The hymn ends with confidence that Agni, ever-growing, is not harmed by curses and will drive them away, redirecting the worshiper’s course toward the Vasu (the good/prosperous).

The deity: Agni

  • In the VedaAgni is the divine fire born in the rite, the mouth of the gods, the carrier of offerings, and the luminous knower who unites many deities in his own flame. In this sukta he is praised as Varuṇa by birth (sovereign moral order), as Mitra when kindled (friendly concord), and as Indra for the giver (victory-bestowing strength).
  • Cosmic functionMediator between humans and gods; establishes and maintains ṛta through sacrifice, purifies transgression, and repels hostile forces and curses.
  • Inner significanceThe awakened inner fire of discernment and will: when ignited by right intention and offering, it becomes ethical restraint (Varuṇa), harmonious relationship (Mitra), and courageous efficacy (Indra).

The seer

  • VasiṣṭhaVasiṣṭha gotra (Maitrāvaruṇa/Āditya-linked priestly lineage in later tradition) · Foremost among the Rigvedic seers; celebrated for hymns on ṛta (cosmic order), royal consecration themes, and the spiritual authority of the Brahman-priest.

Famous verses

tvam agne varuṇo jāyase
Verse 5.3.1Programmatic verse identifying Agni as the integrated presence of Varuṇa, Mitra, and Indra—framing the hymn’s theology of one fire manifesting many divine functions.Read verse 5.3.1 →
yo no marcayati dvayena
Verse 5.3.7Central apotropaic (protective) plea: Agni is asked to destroy hostile imprecation and the aggressor who harms both openly and covertly.Read verse 5.3.7 →
इमे यामासस्त्वद्रिगभूवन्वसवे वा तदिदागो अवाचि । नाहायमग्निरभिशस्तये नो न रीषते वावृधानः परा दात् ॥
Verse 5.3.12Concluding assurance: even if fault is admitted, Agni is not for our imprecation; he grows and drives malice away—closing with protection and restored direction.Read verse 5.3.12 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Carrier of oblations (havyavāhana)
  • Protector against curses and hostility
  • Embodiment of ṛta and moral oversight
  • Purifier of guilt and remover of sin
  • Giver of strength, victory, and prosperity to the worshiper

Also by this seer

  • Major portions of Rig Veda Maṇḍala 7 (Vasiṣṭha maṇḍala)
  • Hymns to Agni, Indra, and Varuṇa emphasizing ṛta and protection
  • Later tradition associates him with the Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra and Vasiṣṭha Smṛti (attributional)

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the altar and kindle Agni with kindling (samidh) while maintaining purity and silence/controlled speech
  • Invoke Agni as the all-gods-in-one: Varuṇa-Mitra-Indra aspects present in the flame
  • Offer oblations with the hymn, explicitly requesting removal of guilt and turning away of curses
  • Conclude with a protective affirmation: Agni, growing in strength, is unharmed and drives malice away

Offerings

  • Ghee (ājya) into the fire
  • Kindling sticks (samidh)
  • Grain/oblations (havis) as customary in household rite
  • Optional soma-related praise in spirit (even if not materially offered in a domestic setting)

Frequently Asked Questions

It teaches that the ritual fire is one divine power showing different functions: Varuṇa as moral order, Mitra as harmony and friendship, and Indra as strength and victory for the worshiper.

It seeks relief from guilt and sin (āgas/enās) and asks Agni to repel curses, slander, and attacks that come both openly and secretly.

It is suited for recitation while kindling and offering into the fire, especially when seeking protection, purification of faults, and a return to right direction and prosperity.

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