Nirvana Upanishad: Verse 9
अथ निर्वाणोपनिषदं व्याख्यास्यामः । परमहंसः सोऽहम् । परिव्राजकाः पश्चिमलिङ्गाः । मन्मथः क्षेत्रपालः । गगनसिद्धान्तः अमृतकल्लोलनदी । अक्षयं निरञ्जनम् । निःसंशय ऋषिः । निर्वाणो देवता । निष्कुलप्रवृत्तिः । निष्केवलज्ञानम् ॥१–११॥
अथ । निर्वाण-उपनिषदम् । व्याख्यास्यामः । परमहंसः । सः । अहम् । परिव्राजकाः । पश्चिम-लिङ्गाः । मन्मथः । क्षेत्र-पालः । गगन-सिद्धान्तः । अमृत-कल्लोल-नदी । अक्षयम् । निरञ्जनम् । निःसंशयः । ऋषिः । निर्वाणः । देवता । निष्कुल-प्रवृत्तिः । निष्केवल-ज्ञानम् ॥
atha nirvāṇopaniṣadaṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ | paramahaṃsaḥ so’ham | parivrājakāḥ paścimaliṅgāḥ | manmathaḥ kṣetrapālaḥ | gaganasiddhāntaḥ amṛtakallolanadī | akṣayaṃ nirañjanam | niḥsaṃśaya ṛṣiḥ | nirvāṇo devatā | niṣkulapravṛttiḥ | niṣkevalajñānam ||1–11||
いま、涅槃ウパニシャッドを解説する。「我はパラマハンサ」。遍歴の出家者たちは「西方の徴」。マンマタは聖域の守護者。教えは「虚空」、川は波立つ甘露の川。これは不滅にして無垢。ニフサンシャヤは聖仙（リシ）。涅槃は神格。行は家系に属さず。智は不二である。
Now we shall expound the Nirvāṇa Upaniṣad. “I am the Paramahaṃsa.” The wandering renunciants are the ‘western marks.’ Manmatha is the guardian of the precinct. The doctrine is the ‘sky’; the river is the nectar‑river of surging waves. (It is) imperishable, stainless. Niḥsaṃśaya is the seer. Nirvāṇa is the deity. The activity is without lineage. The knowledge is non‑dual.
- so’ham = saḥ + aham (visarga sandhi: ḥ + a → o’)
- nirvāṇopaniṣadam = nirvāṇa + upaniṣadam (a+u → o)
- niḥsaṃśaya = nis + saṃśaya (visarga before s)
- Compounds analyzed as written (e.g., amṛta-kallola-nadī; niṣkevala-jñānam)
About this Verse
- Central concept
- Nirañjana (stainless) ātman and Nirvāṇa as the culmination of saṃnyāsa and jñāna
- The mahavakyas
- So’ham functions as an identity statement consistent with mahāvākya purport (abheda) rather than a direct quotation of the four canonical sentences.
- Veda
- Rig Veda
- Chandas
- Prose
Yoga and practice
Pratyāhāra from external ‘liṅga’ (marks); contemplation on akṣaya (imperishable) self to reduce fear of death; sustained nididhyāsana on ‘so’ham’; cultivating niḥsaṃśaya through inquiry (ātma-vicāra).
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