Rig Veda 4.20.8: Mandala 4, Sukta 20, Mantra 8
Sukta 4.20
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Mandala 4; Sukta 4.20 is Indra-hymn of Vāmadeva)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.20; verse-length and cadence consistent)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ईक्षे रायः क्षयस्य चर्षणीनामुत व्रजमपवर्तासि गोनाम् । शिक्षानरः समिथेषु प्रहावान्वस्वो राशिमभिनेतासि भूरिम् ॥
Transliteration
īkṣé rāyáḥ kṣáyasya carṣaṇīnā́m utá vrajám apa-vartā́si gónām | śikṣā-naráḥ sam-ithéṣu pra-hā́vān vásvo rāśím abhi-netā́si bhū́rim ||
Translation
汝は人々（carṣaṇī）の豊穣（rāyas）と住処（kṣaya）とを見守り、治めたまう；また光の牛群（go）の閉ざされた囲い（vraja）を退けて解き放つ者。内なる戦い（samitheṣu）にて志ある者を鍛え、妨げる者を打ち倒し、われらを大いなる積み重ね—豊かな宝の山へと導きたまう。
Word by Word
ईक्षेI behold / I look upon
ईक्षे:
—
TypeVerb
Rootईक्ष् (īkṣ) धातु
रायःof wealth
रायः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) / अधिकरण-सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootराय्/राय (प्रातिपदिक: रयि-/राय-)
क्षयस्यof dwelling/abode; of possession
क्षयस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय (प्रातिपदिक) < √क्षि (kṣi) ‘to dwell/settle; to possess’
चर्षणीनाम्of the peoples / of men
चर्षणीनाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootचर्षणि (प्रातिपदिक)
उतand; also
उत:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
व्रजम्the pen/enclosure (cattle-pen)
व्रजम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootव्रज (प्रातिपदिक)
अपवर्ताthe opener/turner-away (one who releases)
अपवर्ता:
कर्ता
TypeNoun (agent)
Rootअपवर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृत्/√वर्त् ‘to turn’ with अप-
असिthou art
असि:
—
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (as) धातु
गोनाम्of cows / of cattle
गोनाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
शिक्षानरःman-instructing / trainer of men
शिक्षानरः:
कर्ता (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootशिक्षानर (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-समास: ‘शिक्षा’ + ‘नर’)
समिथेषुin battles / in encounters
समिथेषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootसमिथ (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रहावान्mighty striker / smiter
प्रहावान्:
कर्ता (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रहावन् (प्रातिपदिक) < √हू/√हा ‘to strike/drive’ with प्र- (Vedic epithet)
वस्वःof wealth; of treasure
वस्वः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootवसु (प्रातिपदिक)
राशिम्heap; mass; store
राशिम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootराशि (प्रातिपदिक)
अभिनेताleader; bringer; conductor
अभिनेता:
कर्ता
TypeNoun (agent)
Rootअभिनेतृ (प्रातिपदिक) < √नी (nī) ‘to lead’ with अभि-
असिthou art
असि:
—
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (as) धातु
भूरिम्abundant; much
भूरिम्:
कर्म (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootभूरि (प्रातिपदिक)
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