Rig Veda 2.21.4: Mandala 2, Sukta 21, Mantra 4
Sukta 2.21
Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अनानुदो वृषभो दोधतो वधो गम्भीर ऋष्वो असमष्टकाव्यः । रध्रचोदः श्नथनो वीळितस्पृथुरिन्द्रः सुयज्ञ उषसः स्वर्जनत् ॥
Transliteration
anānudó vṛṣabhó dódhato vadhó gambhīrá ṛ́ṣvo asamaṣṭa-kāvyaḥ | radhra-codáḥ śnáthano vīḷitáspṛthur índraḥ su-yajñá uṣásaḥ svàr janat ||
Translation
退かされることなき者、牡牛なるインドラ。揺さぶる敵に対する、深く高き打撃の力。霊感の聖なる言葉において比類なく、正しき道を駆り立て、抵抗を粉砕し、広く遠くに及ぶ――彼はウシャス（曙光）たちのために、光り輝く世界を生み出した。
Word by Word
अ॒ना॒नु॒दःunyielding, not to be repelled
अ॒ना॒नु॒दः:
Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनानुद् (प्रातिपदिक; न-आनुद् ‘not-repelling/unyielding’)
वृषभःbull (mighty one)
वृषभः:
Kartā (इन्द्रः)
TypeNoun (used as epithet)
Rootवृषभ (प्रातिपदिक) < वृष्
दोधतःshaking, causing to tremble
दोधतः:
Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeParticiple (adjectival)
Rootदुध् (धातु) → दोधत् (वर्त. कृदन्त/प्र. कृदन्त) प्रत्यय -अत्
वधःslaying; slayer
वधः:
Kartā/विशेष्य (इन्द्रस्य ‘slayer’ अर्थे)
TypeNoun
Rootवध (प्रातिपदिक) < वध्
गम्भीरःdeep, profound
गम्भीरः:
Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootगम्भीर (प्रातिपदिक)
ऋष्वःlofty, great
ऋष्वः:
Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootऋष्व (प्रातिपदिक)
असमष्टकाव्यःnot (needing to be) hymned/poetically arranged; beyond composition
असमष्टकाव्यः:
Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-समष्ट-काव्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘not composed/arranged as a poem’)
रध्रचोदःimpeller against harm; driver away of injury
रध्रचोदः:
Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeNoun/Adjective (epithet)
Rootरध्र-चोद (प्रातिपदिक; रध्र ‘harm/defect’ + चोद ‘impeller’)
श्नथनःcrusher, breaker
श्नथनः:
Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAgent-noun (adjectival)
Rootश्नथ् (धातु) → श्नथन (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त ‘breaker’)
वीळितस्पृथुःbroad (in power) against the closed/fortified (places); wide-ranging
वीळितस्पृथुः:
Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (compound epithet)
Rootवीळित-स्पृथु (प्रातिपदिक; वीळित ‘closed/fastened, stronghold’ + स्पृथु ‘broad’)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
सुयज्ञःof good sacrifice; well-worshipped
सुयज्ञः:
Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक; सु ‘good’ + यज्ञ ‘sacrifice’)
उषसःof Dawn
उषसः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
स्वःheaven; the light (of heaven)
स्वः:
Karma (लक्ष्य/प्राप्य-रूपेण)
TypeIndeclinable/Noun (Vedic)
Rootस्वर्/स्वः (अव्यय/नाम; ‘heaven, light’)
अजनत्generated, produced
अजनत्:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु) — लुङ् (अorist) 3 एकवचनम्
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