Rig Veda 1.33.6: Mandala 1, Sukta 33, Mantra 6
Sukta 1.33
Rishi: Gautama Rāhūgaṇa
Devata: Indra (with allied powers: Navagvas/peoples)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अयुयुत्सन्ननवद्यस्य सेनामयातयन्त क्षितयो नवग्वाः । वृषायुधो न वध्रयो निरष्टाः प्रवद्भिरिन्द्राच्चितयन्त आयन् ॥
Transliteration
áyuyutsan anavadyásya sénām áyātayanta kṣitáyo návagvāḥ | vṛṣāyúdho ná vádhrayo nír aṣṭāḥ pravádbhir índrāc citáyanta ā́yan ||
Translation
彼らは無瑕なる者の軍勢に抗し得なかった。定住の民、ナヴァグヴァ（Navagva）たちは彼らをその地から追い払った。牡牛の腕をもつ戦士のごとく、また去勢されて追放された者のごとく、彼らは斜面を流れ落ちるように去り――インドラの臨在と威力すら恐れた。
Word by Word
अयुयुत्सन्he wished to fight / he sought to battle
अयुयुत्सन्:
(क्रिया) मुख्यक्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootयुध् (युयुत्स्- desiderative stem)
अनवद्यस्यof the blameless
अनवद्यस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनवद्य (a- + अवद्य)
सेनाम्the army
सेनाम्:
कर्म (object of the verbal action)
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
अयातयन्तthey set in motion / they urged on
अयातयन्त:
(क्रिया) सहक्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootयत् (causative: यातय-)
क्षितयःthe peoples / settlements
क्षितयः:
कर्तृ (subject of अयातयन्त)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षिति
नवग्वाःthe Navagvas
नवग्वाः:
कर्तृ (apposition to क्षितयः)
TypeNoun (tribal/epithet) / Adjective
Rootनवग्व
वृषायुधःbull-weaponed / having mighty weapons
वृषायुधः:
कर्तृ (apposition; subject of understood/continued action)
TypeAdjective
Rootवृषायुध (वृषा + आयुध)
नlike
न:
सम्बन्ध (upamā-marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
वध्रयः(like) the vadhryas / the maimed (men)
वध्रयः:
उपमान (standard of comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootवध्रि / वध्र (lexeme: ‘gelded/maimed’; here as a people/men metaphor)
निरष्टाःcast out / driven forth
निरष्टाः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (predicate/qualifier of the subject group)
TypeParticiple
Rootअश्/अस् (as in निर्-अष्ट ‘thrown out/expelled’; kṛdanta from √अश्/√अस् with preverb निर्)
प्रवद्भिःwith the advancing (ones/streams)
प्रवद्भिः:
करण (instrument/means: ‘with/by …’)
TypeParticiple (adjectival) / Noun
Rootप्रवद् (प्र + वद्; ‘forward-moving/streaming’)
इन्द्रात्from Indra
इन्द्रात्:
अपादान (source: ‘from Indra’)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र
चितयन्तthey noticed / they took heed
चितयन्त:
(क्रिया) सहक्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootचित् (denominative/causative-like: चितय- ‘to perceive/notice/mark’)
आयन्they came / they approached
आयन्:
(क्रिया) मुख्यक्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootइ (with preverb आ-)
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