Sukta 31
Rishi: Atharvanic tradition
Devata: Savitṛ (as vedhas, prosperity-impeller)
Chandas: Śakvarī (per the input’s metrical note: pañcapadā śakvarī for 11,13; this verse treated within that metrical frame in the anukramaṇī tradition)
この増益（Paustika）の讃歌は、ウドゥンバラ材（audumbara）の護符（maṇi）に力を与え、繁栄を生じさせて確固たるものとする——とりわけ自家の牛舎（goṣṭha）における牛の増加、健康、繁昌（sphāti）をもたらす。vedhas（賢明なる秩序者・繁栄の推進者）としてサヴィトṛ（Savitṛ）を招き、豊穣を堅く「据え置く」よう請い願う。またこの護符は競争者を滅するものとして讃えられ、得た利得が争われず、失われないことを保証する。
Kind of charm
Mantras
Mantra 1
औदुम्बरमणिः। ११ , १३ पञ्चपदा शक्वरी, १४ विराडास्तारपङ्क्तिः। औदु॑म्बरेण म॒णिना॒ पुष्टि॑कामाय वे॒धसा । प॒शूणां॒ सर्वे॑षां स्फा॒तिं गो॒ष्ठे मे॑ सवि॒ता क॑रत्
ウドゥンバラの護符（Audumbara-maṇi）によって、繁栄を求めるこのわれのために、賢き定め手により――サヴィトリ（Savitṛ）が、わが牛舎において、すべての家畜の繁昌を成さしめよ。
Mantra 2
यो नो॑ अ॒ग्निर्गार्ह॑पत्यः पशू॒नाम॑धि॒पा अस॑त्। औदु॑म्बरो॒ वृषा॑ म॒णिः सं मा॑ सृजतु पु॒ष्ट्या
われらのアグニ（Agni）が家火（Gārhapatya）として家に坐し、家畜の主・守護者であったように――雄牛のごとく力あるウドゥンバラ（Audumbara）の護符よ、わたしをまるごと繁栄（プシュティー）で満たせ。
Mantra 3
क॒री॒षिणीं॒ फल॑वतीं स्व॒धामिरां॑ च नो गृ॒हे। औदु॑म्बरस्य॒ तेज॑सा धा॒ता पु॒ष्टिं द॑धातु मे
我らの家に、肥沃にして実り多く、自らの基に立つ豊かさと、養いのイラー（Irā）とが在れ。ウドゥンバラ（Udumbara）の輝きによって、配定者ダートリ（Dhātṛ）が我に増益と繁栄を確立せしめよ。
Mantra 4
यद् द्वि॒पाच्च॒ चतु॑ष्पाच्च॒ यान्यन्ना॑नि॒ ये रसाः॑ । गृ॒ह्णे॒३हं॑ त्वेषां॑ भू॒मानं॒ बिभ्र॒दौदु॑म्बरं म॒णिम्
二足のものと四足のものに属する食物、またそれらのあらゆる汁液——ウドゥンバラ（Udumbara）の護符を身に帯びて、わたしはそれらの全き豊饒をわが身に取り入れる。
Mantra 5
पु॒ष्टिं प॑शू॒नां परि॑ जग्रभा॒हं चतु॑ष्पदां द्वि॒पदां॒ यच्च॑ धा॒न्यम्। पयः॑ पशू॒नां रस॒मोष॑धीनां॒ बृह॒स्पतिः॑ सवि॒ता मे॒ नि य॑च्छात्
わたしは家畜の増益をことごとく取り押さえた——四足のもの、二足のもの、そしてあるかぎりの穀物を。家畜の乳、薬草の精汁（rasa）を、ブリハスパティ（Bṛhaspati）とサヴィトリ（Savitṛ）がわたしのために堅く確保せしめよ。
Mantra 6
अ॒हं प॑शू॒नाम॑धि॒पा अ॑सानि॒ मयि॑ पु॒ष्टं पु॑ष्ट॒पति॑र्दधातु । मह्य॒मौदु॑म्बरो म॒णिर्द्रवि॑णानि॒ नि य॑च्छतु
わたしが家畜の主となりますように。増益の主が、わたしの上に繁栄を据え置きますように。ウドゥンバラ（Udumbara）の護符が、わたしのために財と所有を堅く守り留めよ。
Mantra 7
उप॒ मौदु॑म्बरो म॒णिः प्र॒जया॑ च॒ धने॑न च । इन्द्रे॑ण जिन्वि॒तो म॒णिरा मा॑गन्त्स॒ह वर्च॑सा
来たれ、このウドゥンバラ（Udumbara）の護符よ――子孫と富とを伴って。インドラ（Indra）により鼓舞されたこの護符は、光輝と名声とともに、わたしのもとへ来た。
Mantra 8
दे॒वो म॒णिः स॑पत्न॒हा ध॑न॒सा धन॑सातये । प॒शोरन्न॑स्य भू॒मानं॒ गवां॑ स्फा॒तिं नि य॑च्छतु
この護符は神聖にして、怨敵を滅するもの。富をもって富を得させる。願わくは、家畜と食糧の豊穣、そして牛群の繁栄を、しかと結び留めよ。
Mantra 9
यथाग्रे॒ त्वं व॑नस्पते पु॒ष्ठ्या स॒ह ज॑ज्ञि॒षे। ए॒वा धन॑स्य मे स्फा॒तिमा द॑धातु॒ सर॑स्वती
初めに、森の主よ、汝は繁栄とともに生まれた。そのように、サラスヴァティー（Sarasvatī）が我に財の増益を授けたまえ。
Mantra 10
आ मे॒ धनं॒ सर॑स्वती॒ पय॑स्फातिं च धा॒न्यऽम्। सि॒नी॒वा॒ल्युपा॑ वहाद॒यं चौदु॑म्बरो म॒णिः
サラスヴァティー（Sarasvatī）が我に、財と、乳の繁栄と、穀物とをここへもたらしたまえ。シニーヴァーリー（Sinīvālī）がそれらを近くへ運び寄せよ――そしてこのウドゥンバラ（audumbara）の護符もまた。
Mantra 11
त्वं म॑णी॒नाम॑धि॒पा वृषा॑सि॒ त्वयि॑ पु॒ष्टं पु॑ष्ट॒पति॑र्जजान । त्वयी॒मे वाजा॒ द्रवि॑णानि॒ सर्वौदु॑म्बरः॒ स त्वम॒स्मत् स॑हस्वा॒रादरा॑ति॒मम॑तिं॒ क्षुधं॑ च
汝は護符の主、力の牡牛である。汝において、繁栄の主は繁栄を生み出した。汝にこれらの賞与、これらの財宝はすべて宿る。おおウドゥンバラ（Audumbara）よ、そのようなる汝よ、我らから悪意と、愚迷と、飢えとを打ち克て。
Mantra 12
ग्रा॒म॒णीर॑सि ग्राम॒णीरु॒त्थाया॒भिषि॑क्तो॒ऽभि मा॑ सिञ्च॒ वर्च॑सा । तेजो॑ऽसि॒ तेजो॒ मयि॑ धार॒याधि॑ र॒यिर॑सि र॒यिं मे॑ धेहि
汝は村の長（グラーマニー）なり。起ち上がり灌頂を受けし村の長よ――光輝をもって我に灑げ。汝は威力なり、威力を我に保て。汝は富なり、富を我に授けよ。
Mantra 13
पु॒ष्टिर॑सि पु॒ष्ट्या मा॒ सम॑ङ्ग्धि गृहमे॒धी गृ॒हप॑तिं मा कृणु । औदु॑म्बरः॒ स त्वम॒स्मासु॑ धेहि र॒यिं च॑ नः॒ सर्व॑वीरं॒ नि य॑च्छ रा॒यस्पोषा॑य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्चे अ॒हं त्वाम्
汝は繁栄（Puṣṭi）なり。繁栄をもって我を余すところなく塗り清めよ。われを家住者（gṛhamedhī）とし、家の主（gṛhapati）とせよ。おおアウドゥンバラ（Audumbara、無花果樹／その護符）よ、かくある汝よ、われらの内に据え置け。さらに我らのため、すべての勇き子らを備える富（sarvavīra）を固く保て。財の増益（rāyas-poṣa）のため、報いとして、われは汝を（その働きへと）放つ、汝を……
Mantra 14
अ॒यमौदु॑म्बरो म॒णिर्वी॒रो वी॒राय॑ बध्यते । स नः॑ स॒निं मधु॑मतीं कृणोतु र॒यिं च॑ नः॒ सर्व॑वीरं॒ नि य॑च्छात्
このアウドゥンバラ（Audumbara）の護符（maṇi）は、勇なるもの、勇者のために結び付けられる。これが我らに蜜のごとき利得（madhumatī saní）をもたらし、また我らのため、すべての勇き子らを備える富（sarvavīra）を固く保たしめよ。
Inside Sukta 31
How it unfolds
- How it opens
The hymn opens by presenting the audumbara-maṇi as the operative means for the prosperity-seeker, and immediately places the work under Savitṛ-as-Vedhas, asking for cattle-thriving in the goṣṭha.
- What it asks
That all cattle flourish, food and livestock abundance be obtained, and prosperity be firmly fixed—sweetened into ‘honeyed gain’—for the household.
- Where its power lies
The amulet is called divine and rival-slaying, possessing wealth that wins wealth; it can ‘fasten’ abundance and thriving so it does not slip away.
- How it closes
The rite culminates in the binding of the heroic audumbara-maṇi for a hero, with a final petition that it make sweet gain and hold fast sarvavīra wealth (wealth rich in strong offspring/men).
Famous verses
paśūṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ sphātiṃ goṣṭhe me savitā karat
devo maṇiḥ sapatnahā … gavāṃ sphātiṃ ni yacchatu
ayam audumbaro maṇir vīro vīrāya badhyate
Kind of hymn
Paustika (Prosperity; cattle-increase)
What it is for
Increase and stabilization of cattle, food, and wealth in the cow-stall and household; prosperity that is ‘held fast’ and protected from rivals.
Who it is for
Householders, cattle-owners, herdsmen, and ritual specialists performing prosperity rites for herd-growth, food security, and household flourishing.
Also used as
- Rakṣoghna/Apotropaic (rival-subduing)
- Gopālana/Pāśupata (cattle-protection and increase)
- Gṛhya prosperity (household stabilization of wealth)
The deity
Savitṛ here functions as the cosmic impeller who ordains flourishing and right increase; the audumbara-maṇi is treated as a divine, efficacious object that embodies Puṣṭi (nourishing prosperity) and ‘binds’ gain to the household and herd.
Powers of the deity
- Impels prosperity and orderly increase (puṣṭi, sphāti)
- Secures cattle-thriving in the goṣṭha
- Fastens abundance of food and livestock so it remains stable (ni-yam / ni-yacch)
- Repels or overcomes rivals (sapatna-han) who contest wealth
- Supports vigor/heroic strength and ‘all-hero’ wealth (sarvavīra: wealth with strong offspring/men)
Why the deity is called
To make cattle and food abound and remain firmly established in the household economy, by Savitṛ’s ordaining power and the amulet’s embodied efficacy—protecting gains from rivalry and loss.
The seer
- Atharvanic seer (anukramaṇī attribution not fixed)Atharvan. Paustika maṇi-vidyā: amulet-charms for prosperity, cattle-increase, food-abundance, and the securing/fastening of wealth; often with an apotropaic edge against rivals (sapatna).
Other hymns of this seer
- AV 19.31 (Audumbara-maṇi hymn)
- AV 19 (maṇi/amulet cluster hymns; specific r̥ṣi attributions vary by ancillary lists)
Preparing for the rite
- Fashion or obtain an audumbara (Ficus racemosa) maṇi/amulet (bead, wooden piece, or carved token).
- Prepare a binding cord (thread/strap) for wearing or for fixing the amulet at the goṣṭha.
- Clean the cow-stall space; mentally state the intention: puṣṭi (prosperity) and sphāti (thriving) of all cattle.
The rite
- Recite the hymn while holding the amulet; explicitly direct the mantra toward the goṣṭha and the herd.
- Bind (badh-) the audumbara-maṇi on the intended bearer (often the household’s ‘hero’/protector) or suspend/fix it in the cow-stall.
- Conclude by ‘sealing’ the request that abundance and wealth be held fast (ni yacch-/ni yacchāt) and that rivals be checked.
What it needs
- Audumbara-wood amulet (maṇi)
- Binding cord/thread (for badhyate)
- Cow-stall (goṣṭha) as the focal locus (optionally a clean seat/spot for recitation)
When
Auspicious daytime under Savitṛ’s domain (morning/forenoon), or at the time of establishing a herd, entering a new stall, or when seeking increase after loss.
The main substance
Audumbara (Ficus racemosa) wood fashioned as a maṇi (amulet)
Herbs
- Audumbara (udumbara)
Amulets
- Audumbara-maṇi (wooden bead/token)
- Binding cord/thread for tying or wearing
How it is prepared
Shape a small audumbara piece into a bead/token; optionally smooth and bore it for a cord. Consecrate by reciting the hymn while holding it, then bind it on the wearer or fix it in the cow-stall to ‘hold fast’ prosperity.
Frequently Asked Questions
To generate and stabilize prosperity—especially the thriving and increase of cattle in the cow-stall—by empowering an audumbara-wood amulet under Savitṛ’s ordaining impulse.
Audumbara is treated as a potent prosperity-substance; fashioned into a maṇi, it becomes a ‘divine’ charm that can fasten abundance (cattle and food) so it remains secure and not easily lost.
Both: it seeks wealth and increase, and it also frames the amulet as sapatna-han (rival-slaying), meaning it protects one’s gains from opponents, envy, or contestation.
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