Rig Veda 7.21.3: Mandala 7, Sukta 21, Mantra 3
Sukta 7.21
Rishi: Vasiṣṭha
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
त्वमिन्द्र स्रवितवा अपस्कः परिष्ठिता अहिना शूर पूर्वीः । त्वद्वावक्रे रथ्यो न धेना रेजन्ते विश्वा कृत्रिमाणि भीषा ॥
Transliteration
tvámindra srávitavā́ apáskaḥ páriṣṭhitā́ áhīnā śūra pū́rvīḥ | tvád vāvakre rathyò ná dhénā réjante víśvā kṛtrímāṇi bhīṣā́ ||
Translation
أنتَ يا إندرا مُطلِقُ المياه—فعّالٌ في الأعمال؛ وكانت المجاري القديمة مُحاطةً بالحَيّة. ومنكَ انعطفتْ واندفعتْ كالعرباتِ السريعة؛ وترتعدُ كلُّ العوائقِ المصنوعةِ رُعبًا.
Word by Word
त्वम्thou
त्वम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
स्रवितवाto stream/flow forth
स्रवितवा:
प्रयोजन/क्रिया-विशेषण (infinitival complement)
TypeVerb (infinitive)
Root√स्रु (स्रवति) + तवा (तुमुन्-प्रत्ययः; Vedic infinitive)
अपस्कःactive in deeds / working
अपस्कः:
कर्तृ (त्वम्…अपस्कः—विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअपस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘work, deed’) + क (बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष-आधारित विशेषण)
परिष्ठिताःstanding around / surrounding
परिष्ठिताः:
कर्तृ (पूर्वीः—विशेषण)
TypeParticiple/Adjective
Rootपरि-√स्था (तिष्ठति) → परिष्ठित (कृत-प्रत्यय; PPP)
अहिनाwith the serpent (Ahi)
अहिना:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootअहि (प्रातिपदिक)
शूरO hero
शूर:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootशूर (प्रातिपदिक)
पूर्वीःmany former/ancient (ones)
पूर्वीः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
त्वत्from thee
त्वत्:
अपादान
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वावक्रेhas chosen / has preferred
वावक्रे:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते ‘to choose, prefer’) with reduplication (वा-व-) ; perfect/middle form
रथ्यःchariot-going / of the chariot
रथ्यः:
कर्तृ (धेना—विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootरथ्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘belonging to a chariot, chariot-going’)
नlike
न:
सम्बन्ध (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
धेनाa milch-cow
धेना:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु (प्रातिपदिक)
रेजन्तेtremble / quake
रेजन्ते:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√रज्/√रञ्ज् (Vedic: ‘to tremble, quiver, shake’) → रेजते
विश्वाall (things)
विश्वा:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
कृत्रिमाणिcontrivances / artifices
कृत्रिमाणि:
कर्तृ (विश्वा…कृत्रिमाणि—apposition)
TypeNoun/Adjective (substantivized)
Rootकृत्रिम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘artificial, fabricated’; in RV often ‘wrought/contrived devices, stratagems’)
भीषाthrough fear / in dread
भीषा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootभीषा (प्रातिपदिक; from √भी ‘to fear’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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