Rig Veda 9.76.4: Mandala 9, Sukta 76, Mantra 4

Sukta 9.76

Devata: Soma Pavamāna (solarized/ṛta-bearing Soma)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

विश्वस्य राजा पवते स्वर्दृश ऋतस्य धीतिमृषिषाळवीवशत् । यः सूर्यस्यासिरेण मृज्यते पिता मतीनामसमष्टकाव्यः ॥

Transliteration

víśvasya rājā pavate svàr-dṛśaḥ ṛtásya dhītím ṛṣiṣā́ḷ avīvaśat | yáḥ sū́ryasyā́sireṇa mṛ́jyate pitā́ matīnā́m ásamaṣṭa-kāvyaḥ ||

Translation

ราชาแห่งสรรพสายน้ำย่อมไหลไปในการชำระ เห็นโลกอันสว่างไสว; เขาปลุกเร้าความคิดดลใจแห่งฤตะ (ṛta) และเป็นผู้ทำลายความเป็นฤๅษีเทียม. ผู้ซึ่งถูกชำระด้วยคมอันแหลมของสุริยะ ย่อมเป็นบิดาแห่งมติทั้งหลาย และเป็นกวีผู้ร้อยรวมอย่างหาที่เปรียบมิได้.

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Word by Word

• विश्वस्य: of all, of the whole (world)
• विश्वस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation to राजा)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व

• राजा: king
• राजा: Kartā (of पवते)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्

• पवते: purifies himself / flows (as purified Soma)
• पवते: Kriyā (main verb); subject = राजा
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पू (pū) / √पव् (pav) ‘to purify, to flow clear’

• स्वर्दृशम्: heaven-seeing; seeing the light
• स्वर्दृशम्: Karma (object/complement with पवते: ‘as/into …’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वर्दृश् (svar-dṛś) (compound: स्वः ‘heaven/light’ + √दृश् ‘to see’)

• ऋतस्य: of ṛta (cosmic order/truth)
• ऋतस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation to धीति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत

• धीतीम्: insight, thought, hymn-thought
• धीतीम्: Karma (object/complement; ‘the thought/insight’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धीति

• ऋषिषाळ्: strengthening/assisting the seers
• ऋषिषाळ्: Viśeṣaṇa of implied Soma/राजा (co-referential subject)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: ऋषि-षाळ् (compound: ऋषि ‘seer’ + √शाल्/षळ् ‘to strengthen/aid’; Vedic epithet)

• अवीवशत्: has eagerly sought/striven (for)
• अवीवशत्: Kriyā (co-ordinate with पवते)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वश् (vaś) ‘to wish, to desire, to strive for’ (intensive/reduplicated aorist)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā (of मृज्यते) / relative connector
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• सूर्यस्य: of the Sun
• सूर्यस्य: Sambandha (genitive with असिरेण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य

• असिरेण: with the blade/sword
• असिरेण: Karaṇa (instrument of मृज्यते)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असि (instrumental stem असि- ‘sword, blade’)

• मृज्यते: is cleansed / is polished
• मृज्यते: Kriyā (relative clause); subject = यः
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मृज् (mṛj) ‘to wipe, cleanse, polish’

• पिता: father
• पिता: Apposition to यः (predicate nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ

• मतीनाम्: of thoughts/hymns
• मतीनाम्: Sambandha (genitive with पिता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मती (from √मन् ‘to think’; ‘thought, devotion, hymn’)

• असमष्टकाव्यः: whose poetry is unsurpassed / unmatched in composition
• असमष्टकाव्यः: Viśeṣaṇa of पिता/यः (predicate epithet)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: अ-समष्ट-काव्य (compound; काव्य ‘poetic skill/poem’; समष्ट ‘composed/put together’; with privative अ-)