Rig Veda 7.9.1: Mandala 7, Sukta 9, Mantra 1
Sukta 7.9
Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (book 7 attribution)
Devata: Agni (closely linked with Uṣas imagery)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely; verify by scansion)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अबोधि जार उषसामुपस्थाद्धोता मन्द्रः कवितमः पावकः । दधाति केतुमुभयस्य जन्तोर्हव्या देवेषु द्रविणं सुकृत्सु ॥
Transliteration
abó̄dhi jārá uṣásām upásthād hótā mandráḥ kavítamaḥ pāvakáḥ | dádhāti ketúm ubháyasya jántor havyā́ devéṣu dráviṇaṃ sukṛ́tsu ||
Translation
彼は目覚めた—ウシャス（Uṣas）たちの膝もとから目覚めた恋人が：祭司、歓喜をもたらす者、最も詩見に富む者、浄める者。彼は二重の存在（内と外）のために徴と識別を据え、神々のうちに供物を、善をなす者たちのうちに富を打ち立てる。
Word by Word
अबोधिhas awakened / awoke
अबोधि:
—
TypeVerb
Root√बुध् (budh) ‘to awaken, perceive’
जारःthe lover (Agni)
जारः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootजार (prātipadika) ‘lover; (Agni as) intimate friend’
उषसाम्of the Dawns
उषसाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitival relation) / Adhikaraṇa (with upasthāt)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (uṣás-) ‘Dawn’
उपस्थात्from/at the presence (lap)
उपस्थात्:
Apādāna (source/point of arising) / Adhikaraṇa (locative sense in usage)
TypeNoun (adverbial use)
Rootउपस्थ (upastha-) ‘lap, presence, vicinity’ + abl. ending
होताthe Hotṛ (invoking priest)
होता:
Kartā (apposition to jārāḥ) / Agent
TypeNoun
Rootहोतृ (hotṛ́-) ‘invoker, priest’
मन्द्रःgladdening, sweet-toned
मन्द्रः:
Kartā (qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootमन्द्र (mandrá-) ‘gladdening, pleasant-sounding’
कवितमःmost seer-like / best poet
कवितमः:
Kartā (qualifier)
TypeAdjective (superlative)
Rootकवि (kaví-) ‘seer, poet’ + तमप् (superlative)
पावकःthe purifying one
पावकः:
Kartā (qualifier)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootपावक (pāvaka-) ‘purifying, pure; fire’
दधातिsets/places
दधाति:
—
TypeVerb
Root√धा (dhā) ‘to place, set, establish’
केतुम्a light/sign (banner)
केतुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकेतु (ketú-) ‘banner; light; sign, brilliance’
उभयस्यof both
उभयस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
TypeAdjective (pronominal)
Rootउभय (ubháya-) ‘both’
जन्तोःof the creature / of the man
जन्तोः:
सम्बन्ध (dependent genitive with ketum: ‘sign of the being’)
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु (jántu-) ‘creature, living being; man’
हव्याoblations
हव्या:
Karma (of an implied ‘to convey/offer’ with Agni as hotṛ) / object-domain
TypeNoun
Rootहव्य (havyá-) ‘oblation, what is to be invoked/offered’
देवेषुamong/to the gods
देवेषु:
Sampradāna (recipient sphere) / Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (devá-) ‘god’
द्रविणम्wealth
द्रविणम्:
Karma (what is won/brought)
TypeNoun
Rootद्रविण (draviṇa-) ‘wealth, treasure’
सुकृत्सुamong the well-doers (pious)
सुकृत्सु:
Adhikaraṇa (location/among)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootसुकृत् (sukṛ́t-) ‘pious/meritorious one; doer of good’
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