Rig Veda 5.48.1: Mandala 5, Sukta 48, Mantra 1
Sukta 5.48
Devata: Unclear in isolation; verse imagery suggests a cosmic formative power spreading waters in the cloud (often linked in RV diction to Parjanya/Indra’s rain-action or to a goddess-like māyā-power).
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
कदु प्रियाय धाम्ने मनामहे स्वक्षत्राय स्वयशसे महे वयम् । आमेन्यस्य रजसो यदभ्र आँ अपो वृणाना वितनोति मायिनी ॥
Transliteration
kádu priyā́ya dhā́mne manāmahe svákṣatrāya sváyaśase mahé vayám | āmenyásya rájaso yád abhrá ā́ṃ apó vṛṇānā́ vitanóti māyínī ||
Translation
いつわれらは思いを、愛しき座へと向け得ようか——自らの王権をもち、自らの光輝をもつ大いなる者の。雲のうちに水を取り上げ、形成の力によって広き界を張りひろげる、偉大なる織り手（マーヤニー）が。
Word by Word
कदुwhen? indeed
कदु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदु (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) / कदा (प्रश्नार्थ)
प्रियायfor the dear (one/thing)
प्रियाय:
Sampradāna
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
धाम्नेfor (his) abode/splendour
धाम्ने:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootधामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
मनामहेwe think/ponder; we revere
मनामहे:
— (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√मन् (मनुते) / √मन् (to think, to honour)
स्वक्षत्रायfor the one of good dominion/power
स्वक्षत्राय:
Sampradāna
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootस्व-क्षत्र (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष)
स्वयशसेfor the one of good fame
स्वयशसे:
Sampradāna
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootस्व-यशस् (प्रातिपदिक)
महेfor the great (one)
महे:
Sampradāna
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootमह्/महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
वयम्we
वयम्:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
आमेन्यस्यof the wondrous/approachable one
आमेन्यस्य:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypeAdjective
Rootआमेन्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘to be approached/desired’ sense, Vedic)
रजसःof the space/region (mid-air)
रजसः:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootरजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्which/that
यत्:
Karma (of implied verb ‘is/exists’ or as object of ‘knows/does’ in sense)
TypePronoun (relative)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अभ्रःcloud
अभ्रः:
Kartā (of implied ‘is/comes’)
TypeNoun
Rootअभ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
आन्towards, hither (intensifier)
आन्:
—
TypeIndeclinable (particle/preverb)
Rootआ (उपसर्ग) + √अन्/√अ (गत्यर्थ; here as preverbial particle in RV)
अपःthe waters
अपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप् (प्रातिपदिक)
वृणानाchoosing/taking
वृणाना:
Kartā (with वितनोति)
TypeParticiple
Root√वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते ‘to choose, to take’)
वितनोतिspreads out, extends
वितनोति:
— (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + √तन् (तनुते/तनोति ‘to stretch, spread’)
मायिनीthe wondrous/possessing māyā (magic power)
मायिनी:
Kartā (apposition to वृणाना)
TypeAdjective (f.)
Rootमायिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
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