Rig Veda 5.3.4: Mandala 5, Sukta 3, Mantra 4
Sukta 5.3
Rishi: Vasiṣṭha
Devata: Agni (Hotṛ)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तव श्रिया सुदृशो देव देवाः पुरू दधाना अमृतं सपन्त । होतारमग्निं मनुषो नि षेदुर्दशस्यन्त उशिजः शंसमायोः ॥
Transliteration
táva śriyā́ su-dṛ́śo deva devā́ḥ purū́ dádhānā amṛ́taṃ sapanta | hótar amagníṃ mánuṣo ní ṣeduḥ daśasyánta uśíjaḥ śáṃsam āyóḥ ||
Translation
汝の光輝によって、神よ、神々は見目麗しくなり、多様なる甘露の不死を身に帯びて進みゆく。人の子らは内にホートリ（祭官）アグニを座せしめた。正しき讃歌を求める熱心なる者たちは、充溢の利得のために彼に仕える。
Word by Word
तवof you / your
तव:
सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
श्रियाby (your) splendor / glory
श्रिया:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootश्री (स्त्री. प्रातिपदिक)
सुदृशःfair to see / of good appearance
सुदृशः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-दृश् (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
देवO god
देव:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootदेव (पुं. प्रातिपदिक)
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (पुं. प्रातिपदिक)
पुरूmany / much
पुरू:
विशेषण (quantifying)
TypeIndeclinable (quantifier)
Rootपुरु (अव्यय/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक; RV indeclinable use)
दधानाःbearing / placing / bestowing
दधानाः:
कर्तृ
TypeParticiple
Rootधा (धातु) → दधाना (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
अमृतम्immortality / ambrosia
अमृतम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत (नपुं. प्रातिपदिक)
सपन्तthey follow / attend
सपन्त:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootसप् (धातु; ‘to follow/attend’ in Vedic) अथवा √सप्/√सप्- (Vedic present)
होतारम्the Hotṛ-priest / invoker
होतारम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootहोतृ (पुं. प्रातिपदिक)
अग्निम्Agni
अग्निम्:
कर्म (apposition to होतारम्)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (पुं. प्रातिपदिक)
मनुषःof Manu / of man (the progenitor)
मनुषः:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootमनु (पुं. प्रातिपदिक) → मनुष् (gen. sg. in RV usage)
निdown; in; firmly
नि:
क्रियाविशेषण (directional)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootनि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
षेदुःthey have sat down / took their seat
षेदुः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootसद् (धातु) + नि → नि-षद्
दशस्यन्तःworshipping / serving
दशस्यन्तः:
कर्तृ (to implied verb of praising)
TypeParticiple
Rootदशस्य (denom. from दशस्/दशस्य ‘to worship, serve’)
उशिजःthe zealous ones / eager priests
उशिजः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootउशिज् (पुं. प्रातिपदिक; ‘eager/zealous worshipper’, esp. priests)
शंसमायोःof the two praisers / of (those) two who praise
शंसमायोः:
सम्बन्ध/अधिकारण (contextual)
TypeNoun/Adjective (compound member)
Rootशंस (धातु √शंस् ‘to praise’) → शंसमाय (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक ‘praising’)
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