Rig Veda 4.52.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 52, Mantra 2
Sukta 4.52
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Uṣas (with explicit association to the Aśvins)
Chandas: Gāyatrī
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अश्वेव चित्रारुषी माता गवामृतावरी । सखाभूदश्विनोरुषाः ॥
Transliteration
aśvā́ iva citrā́ruṣī mātā́ gavām ṛtā́varī | sákhābhūd aśvínoḥ uṣā́ḥ ||
Translation
輝く赤き馬のごとく、彼女は多彩にきらめく。彼女は光線（牛のごとき光芒）の母、ṛta（宇宙の正しき秩序）を選び担う者。ウシャス（曙光）はアシュヴィン（Aśvins）の友となり——救いをもたらす迅き力を導く。
Word by Word
अश्वाa horse
अश्वा:
उपमान (तुलना-प्रयोगे)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike, as
इव:
सम्बन्ध/उपमान-निर्देशक
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
चित्रारुषीbright-red / variegated-ruddy
चित्रारुषी:
विशेषण (मातृ-शब्दस्य)
TypeAdjective (f.)
Rootचित्रारुषी (प्रातिपदिक; चित्र + अरुषी)
माताmother
माता:
कर्तृ/विषय (उषसः)
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
गवाम्of the cows
गवाम्:
सम्बन्ध (मातुः—‘of the cows’)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
ऋतावरीtrue to ṛta / orderly, faithful to cosmic order
ऋतावरी:
विशेषण (मातृ-शब्दस्य)
TypeAdjective (f.)
Rootऋतावरी (प्रातिपदिक; ऋत + आवरी/वरी)
सखाa companion, friend
सखा:
कर्तृ/विषय (भू-क्रियायाः)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
अभूत्became, was
अभूत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
अश्विनोःof the Aśvins (the twin gods)
अश्विनोः:
सम्बन्ध (सख्यस्य—‘of the Aśvins’)
TypeNoun (dual deity name)
Rootअश्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
उषाःUṣas, Dawn
उषाः:
कर्तृ/विषय (अभूत्—‘Uṣas became…’)
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
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