Rig Veda 2.23.12: Mandala 2, Sukta 23, Mantra 12
Sukta 2.23
Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)
Devata: Bṛhaspati
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अदेवेन मनसा यो रिषण्यति शासामुग्रो मन्यमानो जिघांसति । बृहस्पते मा प्रणक्तस्य नो वधो नि कर्म मन्युं दुरेवस्य शर्धतः ॥
Transliteration
adévena mánasā yó riṣaṇyáti śāsā́m ugró mányamāno jíghāṃsati | bṛ́haspate mā́ práṇaktasya no vadhó ní karma manyúṃ durévasya śárdhataḥ ||
Translation
神なき心にて我らを害せんとし、苛烈に支配し、自らを強しと思い、打ち殺さんと欲する者あらば——ブリハスパティよ、その一撃を我らに届かしむるな。邪なる悪意の怒りと、その敵対の群れとを打ち倒せ。
Word by Word
अदेवेनwith an ungodly (impious)
अदेवेन:
Karaṇa
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-देव (प्रातिपदिक) < देव
मनसाwith mind
मनसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootमनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
यःwho
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
रिषण्यतिharms
रिषण्यति:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootरिष् (धातु) [Vedic: ‘to harm, injure’]
शासाम्the commands/ordinances
शासाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशास् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘शासन/शास्’ (Vedic: ‘command, ordinance, instruction’)
उग्रःfierce
उग्रः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
मन्यमानःthinking/imagining (himself)
मन्यमानः:
Kartā
TypeParticiple (Adjective)
Rootमन् (धातु) → मन्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
जिघांसतिseeks to kill
जिघांसति:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु) (desiderative) → जिघांस्
बृहस्पतेO Bṛhaspati
बृहस्पते:
Sampradāna (आह्वान/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootबृहस्पति (प्रातिपदिक)
माdo not
मा:
(निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा (निषेध-अव्यय)
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
(क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग)
णक्तस्यof the assailant/attacker
णक्तस्य:
(सम्बन्ध)
TypeParticiple/Noun
Rootनश्/नक् (धातु; Vedic) → णक्त (कृदन्त/भूतकृदन्त-आधार) ‘one who has reached/attained; one who has attacked’ (context: hostile assailant)
नःof us / our
नः:
Sampradāna (हित/सम्बन्ध)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
वधःslaying, blow, killing
वधः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootवध (प्रातिपदिक)
निdown, away
नि:
(क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग)
कर्मdeed, act
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृ (धातु) → कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
मन्युम्wrath, rage
मन्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमन्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
दुरेवस्यof the evil-minded (one)
दुरेवस्य:
(सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootदुरेवस् (प्रातिपदिक) < दुर्- + एवस् (‘ill-intent/evil disposition’)
शर्धतःfrom the hostile host / of the troop
शर्धतः:
Apādāna (sense: ‘from’) / सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootशर्ध (प्रातिपदिक) ‘troop, host’
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