Rig Veda 10.166.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 166, Mantra 1
Sukta 10.166
Rishi: Late/anonymous (Mandala 10; self-affirmation/competitive charm style).
Devata: Implicitly Indra-like force of victory; the addressed power is the victorious divine energy invoked for the speaker (no single devatā named in the verse).
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh-like cadence is possible in such charm verses; exact meter requires scan (Mandala 10 includes mixed meters).
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋषभं मा समानानां सपत्नानां विषासहिम् । हन्तारं शत्रूणां कृधि विराजं गोपतिं गवाम् ॥
Transliteration
ṛṣabháṃ mā samānā́nāṃ sapátnānāṃ viṣāsahím | hantā́raṃ śátrūṇāṃ kṛdhi virā́jaṃ gópatim gávām ||
Translation
同輩の中でわれを雄牛（ṛṣabha）となさしめ、対抗する者どもを圧し伏せる者となさしめよ。敵を撃つ者となさしめ、王者の輝き（virāj）を帯び、光の牛ら（gāvaḥ）の守護主（gopati）、充溢の主となさしめよ。
Word by Word
ऋषभम्a bull; a leader/champion
ऋषभम्:
कर्म (कृधि इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootऋषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
माme
मा:
कर्म (कृधि इत्यस्य)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
समानानाम्of equals; of those on the same level
समानानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of equals/peers’
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootसमान (प्रातिपदिक)
सपत्नानाम्of rivals; of competitors
सपत्नानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of rivals’
TypeNoun
Rootसपत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
विषासहिम्overpowering; vanquishing (them)
विषासहिम्:
कर्म (कृधि इत्यस्य) / विशेषणम् (ऋषभम्/मा) — ‘overpowering’
TypeAdjective (kṛdanta)
Rootवि-सा-सह् (धातु √सह् ‘सहने/जयने’) → ‘विषासहि’ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
हन्तारम्a slayer
हन्तारम्:
कर्म (कृधि इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun (agent)
Root√हन् ‘हिंसायाम्’ → ‘हन्तृ’ (कर्तृ-नाम) प्रातिपदिक
शत्रूणाम्of enemies
शत्रूणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of enemies’
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
कृधिmake (thou); make (me)
कृधि:
क्रिया (मुख्य विधेय)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ ‘करणे’
विराजम्shining one; sovereign; splendid ruler
विराजम्:
कर्म (कृधि इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवि-राज् (प्रातिपदिक ‘विराज्’)
गोपतिम्lord/protector of cattle
गोपतिम्:
कर्म (कृधि इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootगो-पति (समास-प्रातिपदिक)
गवाम्of cows; of cattle
गवाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of cows/cattle’
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
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