Rig Veda 1.73.6: Mandala 1, Sukta 73, Mantra 6
Sukta 1.73
Rishi: Gopavana Ātreya
Devata: Agni (with supporting imagery of Ṛta, cows, rivers)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋतस्य हि धेनवो वावशानाः स्मदूध्नीः पीपयन्त द्युभक्ताः । परावतः सुमतिं भिक्षमाणा वि सिन्धवः समया सस्रुरद्रिम् ॥
Transliteration
ṛtásya hí dhenávo vāvaśānā́ḥ smád-ū́dhnīḥ pī́payanta dyú-bhaktāḥ | parāvátaḥ su-matíṃ bhíkṣamāṇā ví síndhavaḥ samáyā sasrúr ádrim ||
Translation
まことに、リタ（Ṛta）の牝牛たちは歓びに鳴き、われらのために乳房を満たし—光の分け前を分配する。はるか彼方より、善き思慮（スーマティ）を乞い求めつつ、河々は離れまた合して流れ、妨げの岩を押し破って進む。
Word by Word
ऋतस्यof ṛta (cosmic order/true law)
ऋतस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (गतौ/ऋ-क्रमे) → ‘ऋत’ (स्थापित/नियत-क्रमः, सत्य-नियमः)
हिfor/indeed
हि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
धेनवःthe milch-cows
धेनवः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु (प्रातिपदिक)
वावशानाःlowing/crying out (eagerly)
वावशानाः:
कर्तृ (धेनवः के विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeParticiple (Adjective-like)
Root√वाश्/वाश (शब्दे/रवे) → वावशान (कृदन्त, तीव्र-आवृत्त/इच्छा-प्रवृत्ति सूचक)
स्मत्-ऊध्नीः(them) having udders for us / our-uddered (cows)
स्मत्-ऊध्नीः:
कर्म (पीपयन्ति इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun (compound) / Adjective-like
Rootस्मद् (अस्मद्-प्रत्ययिक ‘from us’) + ऊधन्/ऊधनी (प्रातिपदिक ‘udder’)
पीपयन्तthey cause to drink / they make (us) drink; they fill (with milk)
पीपयन्त:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√पा (पाने/पायने) → causative √पायय्; reduplicated present ‘पीपय-’
द्युभक्ताःallotted to the sky / heaven-assigned
द्युभक्ताः:
कर्तृ (धेनवः के विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeParticiple (Adjective)
Rootद्यु (प्रातिपदिक ‘heaven/sky, day’) + √भज् (विभागे/सेवायाम्) → भक्त (कृदन्त ‘allotted/assigned’)
परावतःfrom afar
परावतः:
अपादान (source: ‘from afar’)
TypeIndeclinable (adverbial) / Noun-like
Rootपरावत् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक ‘far away, from afar’)
सुमतिम्good thought/favor
सुमतिम्:
कर्म (भिक्षमाणाः इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootसु- + मति (प्रातिपदिक ‘thought, favor, good will’)
भिक्षमाणाःbegging/asking
भिक्षमाणाः:
कर्तृ (सिन्धवः के विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeParticiple
Root√भिक्ष् (याचने) → भिक्षमाण (वर्तमान कृदन्त, आत्मनेपद)
विapart, forth, widely
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
सिन्धवःthe rivers/streams
सिन्धवः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
समयाtogether, simultaneously
समया:
अधिकारण (manner/time adjunct)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमया (अव्यय ‘together, at the same time’; RV usage)
सस्रुर्they have flowed/ran
सस्रुर्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√सृ (सरणे) → perfect ‘सस्रु-’
अद्रिम्the rock/mountain
अद्रिम्:
कर्म (सस्रुर् इत्यस्य; ‘toward/against/through the rock’ as object in RV idiom)
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रि (प्रातिपदिक ‘rock, mountain’)
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