Rig Veda 1.10.8: Mandala 1, Sukta 10, Mantra 8

Sukta 1.10

Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaishvamitra (traditionally for RV 1.10)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (11-syllable pādas; common for Indra hymns)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

नहि त्वा रोदसी उभे ऋघायमाणमिन्वतः । जेषः स्वर्वतीरपः सं गा अस्मभ्यं धूनुहि ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.10.8

Transliteration

náhi tvā́ rodasī ubhé ṛ́ghāyámāṇam ínvataḥ | jeṣáḥ svàr-vatīr apáḥ sám gā́ asmábhyaṃ dhūnuhi ||

Translation

天と地の両界も、汝が猛き力にて突き進むとき、汝を押し戻すことはできない。征服者よ、われらのために、光明の世界（svar）を担う水々（apah）と、光の光線たる牛ら（gāḥ）とを、ともに振り落として与えよ。

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Word by Word

• नहि: indeed not / surely not
• नहि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नहि (न + हि) अव्यय

• त्वा: you (as object)
• त्वा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (त्वद्) सर्वनाम

• रोदसी: the two worlds (heaven and earth)
• रोदसी: Kartā (with following verb) / (contextually subject of ‘invatḥ’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोदसी (द्यावापृथिव्यौ) प्रातिपदिक

• उभे: both
• उभे: —
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun
• Root: उभ (उभय) सर्वनाम-विशेषण

• ऋघायमाणम्: raging / being hostile
• ऋघायमाणम्: Karma (of ‘इन्वतः’)
• Type: Verb-derived adjective (present participle)
• Root: ऋघाय (धातु, ‘to be angry/hostile; to rage’)

• इन्वतः: impelling / urging on
• इन्वतः: Kartā (the two worlds as ‘impelling/urging’)
• Type: Verb-derived adjective (present participle)
• Root: इन्/इन्व् (धातु; ‘to set in motion, impel, drive, strengthen’)

• जेषः: conqueror / victorious one
• जेषः: Kartā (addressed/subject)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: जि (धातु ‘to conquer’) → जेष (नाम/विशेषण) अथवा जेषस्

• स्वर्वतीः: heavenly / sun-bright
• स्वर्वतीः: Karma (of ‘धूनुहि’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वर् + वत् (स्वर्वत्) प्रातिपदिक

• अपः: waters
• अपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (जल) प्रातिपदिक

• सम्: together / forth
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् उपसर्ग/अव्यय

• गाः: cows
• गाः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (गाव्) प्रातिपदिक

• अस्मभ्यम्: for us
• अस्मभ्यम्: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् सर्वनाम

• धूनुहि: shake loose / drive forth
• धूनुहि: — (मुख्य क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धू (धुनोति) धातु