Valmiki Ramayana 2.59.20: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 59, Shloka 20

एकोनषष्ठितमः सर्गः (Sarga 59): सुमन्त्रवाक्यं, अयोध्याविषादः, दाशरथिशोकसागरः

Devanagari script

अप्रहृष्टमनुष्या च दीननागतुरङ्गमा।आर्तस्वरपरिम्लाना विनिश्श्वसितनिस्स्वना।।2.59.19।।निरानन्दा महाराज रामप्रव्राजनातुरा।कौसल्या पुत्रहीनेव अयोध्या प्रतिभाति मा।।2.59.20।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.59.20

Transliteration

nirānandā mahārāja rāma-pravrājanāturā |

kausalyā putra-hīneva ayodhyā pratibhāti mā ||2.59.20||

Translation

大王よ、ラーマ追放の痛みにより喜びを失ったアヨーディヤーは、わたしにはまるで、子を失ったカウサリヤーそのもののように見えます。

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Word by Word

• nirānandā: joyless
• nirānandā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nirānanda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• mahārāja: O great king
• mahārāja: Sambodhana (सम्बोधनम्/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahārāja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• rāma-pravrājana-āturā: distressed by Rama's exile
• rāma-pravrājana-āturā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक) + pravrājana (प्रातिपदिक) + ātura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (determinative: 'distressed because of Rama's exile'); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• kausalyā: Kausalya
• kausalyā: Upamāna (उपमानम्/Standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kausalyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• putrahīnā: sonless / bereft of her son
• putrahīnā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक) + hīna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (determinative: 'deprived of a son'); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā (उपमा/Comparison marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-वाचक-अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• ayodhyā: Ayodhya
• ayodhyā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ayodhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• pratibhāti: appears
• pratibhāti: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati+bhā (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद; अर्थे: 'appears/seems'

• mā: to me
• mā: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदानम्/Experiencer 'to me')
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; चतुर्थी/द्वितीया-एकवचनरूप (to me/me; enclitic form)

Context

O maharaja, Ayodhya is filled with cheerless people with deep sighs, agonised voices and pale faces depressed and distressed due to Rama's exile. (Even) elephants and horses look spiritless. For me it (the city) resembles (dejected) Kausalya deprived of her son.

Characters & Entities

• Ayodhya
• Rama
• Daśaratha (addressed as mahārāja)
• Kausalyā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma underscores the duty of rulers to protect the moral and emotional welfare of the realm; unjust exile of the righteous harms the entire ‘body’ of the kingdom.

What is the narrative situation?

Sumantra concludes his description by comparing the city’s desolation to Kausalyā’s personal bereavement.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kausalyā’s maternal devotion and Rama’s irreplaceable place in the hearts of both family and city.