Adhyaya 5

Sutra 1

अनीश्वराः पितृमन्तः स्थितपितृमातृकाः पुत्राः ॥ कZ_०३.५.०१ ॥

Sons are not independent legal masters while the father exists and while both father and mother are living/present.

Sutra 2

तेषामूर्ध्वं पितृतो दायविभागः पितृद्रव्याणाम् ॥ कZ_०३.५.०२ ॥

Only after that (i.e., after the father’s end/cessation of authority) is there division of inheritance from the father—of the father’s property.

Sutra 3

स्वयं आर्जितमविभाज्यमन्यत्र पितृद्रव्यादुत्थितेभ्यः ॥ कZ_०३.५.०३ ॥

Property acquired by oneself is not subject to division—except insofar as it has arisen from (or is traceable to) the father’s property.

Sutra 4

पितृद्रव्यादविभक्तोपगतानां पुत्राः पौत्रा वा आचतुर्थादित्यंशभाजः ॥ कZ_०३.५.०४ ॥

Sons—or grandsons—who have remained in an undivided joint estate derived from the father’s property become entitled to shares beginning from the fourth generation (i.e., the right of share is recognized up to the third; beyond that, share-claims start only from the fourth).

Sutra 5

तावदविच्छिन्नः पिण्डो भवति ॥ कZ_०३.५.०५ ॥

So long as this is the case, the family estate remains an unbroken joint unit (an undivided ‘piṇḍa’).

Sutra 6

विच्छिन्नपिण्डाः सर्वे समं विभजेरन् ॥ कZ_०३.५.०६ ॥

When the joint unit has been broken (i.e., partition has occurred), all (eligible heirs) shall divide equally.

Sutra 7

अपितृद्रव्या विभक्तपितृद्रव्या वा सह जीवन्तः पुनर्विभजेरन् ॥ कZ_०३.५.०७ ॥

Those who have no paternal estate, or those whose paternal estate has already been divided, if they live together, may re-partition (their jointly accumulated property).

Sutra 8

यतश्चोत्तिष्ठेत स द्व्यंशं लभेत ॥ कZ_०३.५.०८ ॥

He by whose effort (the common estate) is raised up/established shall receive a double share.

Sutra 9

द्रव्यमपुत्रस्य सोदर्या भ्रातरः सहजीविनो वा हरेयुः कन्याश्च ॥ कZ_०३.५.०९ ॥

The property of a man without sons shall be taken by his full brothers or his co-resident kinsmen; and (failing them/along with them as specified) the daughters as well.

Sutra 10

रिक्थं पुत्रवतः पुत्रा दुहितरो वा धर्मिष्ठेषु विवाहेषु जाताः ॥ कZ_०३.५.१० ॥

The inheritance of a man who has issue belongs to his sons; or to his daughters born of lawful marriages.

Sutra 11

तदभावे पिता धरमाणः ॥ कZ_०३.५.११ ॥

In their absence, the father—if living—takes (the estate).

Sutra 12

पित्रभावे भ्रातरो भ्रातृपुत्राश्च ॥ कZ_०३.५.१२ ॥

If the father is absent, the brothers and the brothers’ sons (inherit).

Sutra 13

अपितृका बहवोऽपि च भ्रातरो भ्रातृपुत्राश्च पितुरेकमंशं हरेयुः ॥ कZ_०३.५.१३ ॥

Even if there are many heirs without a father, the brothers and the brothers’ sons shall take collectively only one share—the share that would have belonged to the father.

Sutra 14

सोदर्याणामनेकपितृकाणां पितृतो दायविभागः ॥ कZ_०३.५.१४ ॥

Among uterine siblings who have different fathers, inheritance is to be partitioned according to the respective fathers’ estates.

Sutra 15

पितृभ्रातृपुत्राणां पूर्वे विद्यमाने नापरमवलम्बन्ते ज्येष्ठे च कनिष्ठमर्थग्राहिणम् ॥ कZ_०३.५.१५ ॥

For a father’s brother’s sons (paternal cousins), when an elder (prior claimant) exists, the later one cannot rely on him to claim; and where the eldest exists, the youngest who takes the property is not to be recognized as a claimant over him.

Sutra 16

जीवद्विभागे पिता नैकं विशेषयेत् ॥ कZ_०३.५.१६ ॥

In a partition made while the father is alive, the father shall not show partiality by granting a special share to only one child.

Sutra 17

न चैकमकारणान्निर्विभजेत ॥ कZ_०३.५.१७ ॥

Nor should he exclude (or separate out) one person without cause in the partition.

Sutra 18

पितुरसत्यर्थे ज्येष्ठाः कनिष्ठाननुगृह्णीयुः अन्यत्र मिथ्यावृत्तेभ्यः ॥ कZ_०३.५.१८ ॥

When the father’s means are inadequate, the elder brothers should support the younger ones—except those of corrupt or deceitful conduct.

Sutra 19

प्राप्तव्यवहाराणां विभागः ॥ कZ_०३.५.१९ ॥

There is division (allocation) of matters already under transaction or claim (i.e., assets or obligations that have matured into actionable dealings).

Sutra 20

अप्राप्तव्यवहाराणां देयविशुद्धं मातृबन्धुषु ग्रामवृद्धेषु वा स्थापयेयुः आव्यवहारप्रापणात्प्रोषितस्य वा ॥ कZ_०३.५.२० ॥

For those not yet capable of conducting transactions (or whose dealings have not commenced), the net amount due (after clearing liabilities) should be deposited with maternal relatives or village elders—also in cases where one is absent due to not having entered into dealings (or being away).

Sutra 21

सम्निविष्टसममसम्निविष्टेभ्यो नैवेशनिकं दद्युः कन्याभ्यश्च प्रादानिकम् ॥ कZ_०३.५.२१ ॥

To those not yet established in a household, an establishment allotment (for setting up a residence) should be given equivalent to that of those already established; and to daughters, a marriage allotment (dowry/nuptial provision) should be given.

Sutra 22

ऋणरिक्थयोः समो विभागः ॥ कZ_०३.५.२२ ॥

Debts and the inherited estate are to be divided equally (i.e., liabilities and assets are apportioned in parallel).

Sutra 23

उदपात्राण्यपि निष्किंचना विभजेरनित्याचार्याः ॥ कZ_०३.५.२३ ॥

Even water-vessels should be partitioned among those who own nothing (ascetics); those of unstable discipline (wandering/irregular ascetics) are to be treated as subject to such division.

Sutra 24

छलमेतदिति कौटिल्यः ॥ कZ_०३.५.२४ ॥

Kauṭilya says: “This is fraud (a deceptive device).”

Sutra 25

सतोऽर्थस्य विभागो नासतः ॥ कZ_०३.५.२५ ॥

Partition is of existing property, not of non-existent property.

Sutra 26

एतावानर्थः सामान्यस्तस्यैतावान्प्रत्यंश इत्यनुभाष्य ब्रुवन् साक्षिषु विभागं कारयेत् ॥ कZ_०३.५.२६ ॥

After stating: “This is the total common property; this is his corresponding share,” he should have the partition carried out in the presence of witnesses.

Sutra 27

दुर्विभक्तमन्योन्यापहृतमन्तर्हितमविज्ञातोत्पन्नं वा पुनर्विभजेरन् ॥ कZ_०३.५.२७ ॥

They should re-divide (the estate) if it was wrongly partitioned, mutually misappropriated, concealed, or if property later arises that had been unknown.

Sutra 28

अदायादकं राजा हरेत्स्त्रीवृत्तिप्रेतकार्यवर्जमन्यत्र श्रोत्रियद्रव्यात् ॥ कZ_०३.५.२८ ॥

The king shall take (as escheat) property that has no legal heir—except what is set aside for a woman’s maintenance and for funerary rites; but not in the case of a śrotriya’s property.

Sutra 29

तत्त्रैवेद्येभ्यः प्रयच्छेत् ॥ कZ_०३.५.२९ ॥

He should grant that (property) to the Traivedyas.

Sutra 30

पतितः पतिताज्जातः क्लीबश्चानंशाः जडोन्मत्तान्धकुष्ठिनश्च ॥ कZ_०३.५.३० ॥

A fallen person, one born of a fallen person, and an impotent person—these have no share; likewise the mentally deficient, the insane, the blind, and the leprous.

Sutra 31

सति भार्यार्थे तेषामपत्यमतद्विधं भागं हरेत् ॥ कZ_०३.५.३१ ॥

When provision is made for a wife’s maintenance, their offspring—if not of the same disqualified kind—shall take their share.

Sutra 32

ग्रासाच्छादनमितरे पतितवर्जाः ॥ कZ_०३.५.३२ ॥

The others (who are excluded from shares) shall receive food and clothing—except the patita.

Sutra 33

तेषां च कृतदाराणां लुप्ते प्रजनने सति ॥ कZ_०३.५.३३अब् ॥

And in the case of those who have taken a spouse, when procreation has ceased (or is absent)…

Sutra 34

सृजेयुर्बान्धवाः पुत्रांस्तेषामंशान्प्रकल्पयेत् ॥ कZ_०३.५.३३च्द् ॥

No text provided to translate.