Rig Veda 10.21.5: Mandala 10, Sukta 21, Mantra 5

Sukta 10.21

Rishi: Unknown from provided excerpt

Devata: Agni (with links to Vivasvat and Yama as associated powers)

Chandas: Likely Triṣṭubh/Jagatī (uncertain)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अग्निर्जातो अथर्वणा विदद्विश्वानि काव्या । भुवद्दूतो विवस्वतो वि वो मदे प्रियो यमस्य काम्यो विवक्षसे ॥

Transliteration

agnír jā́to átharvaṇā vidád víśvāni kā́vyā | bhúvad dūtó vivásvato ví vo made priyó yámasya kā́myo vívakṣase ||

Translation

Agni, born by Atharvan, has discovered all the inspired knowings. He became the messenger of Vivasvat; in our rapture you seek to manifest as the beloved and desirable power of Yama—one who leads the soul by the true path.

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Word by Word

• अग्निः: Agni (the fire-god)
• अग्निः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• जातः: born, arisen
• जातः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: √जन् (जनि) → जात- (कृदन्त, क्त)

• अथर्वणा: by/through Atharvan
• अथर्वणा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अथर्वन्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• विदत्: found, discovered
• विदत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (विन्दति/वेद) → विदत् (लुङ्/इञ्जुन्क्टिव् 3sg)

• विश्वानि: all (things)
• विश्वानि: कर्म
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व- (प्रातिपदिक)

• काव्या: poetic/wise (works, utterances)
• काव्या: कर्म (विशेषण/अप्पोज़िशन to विश्वानि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काव्य- (प्रातिपदिक)

• भुवत्: becoming, being
• भुवत्: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Participle
• Root: √भू → भुवत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त/शतृ)

• दूतः: messenger
• दूतः: कर्तृ (अग्निः के लिए विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दूत- (प्रातिपदिक)

• विवस्वतः: of Vivasvat (the shining one; often the Sun)
• विवस्वतः: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विवस्वत्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, forth, distinctly
• वि: क्रियाविशेषण (विवक्षसे के साथ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• वः: of you (your)
• वः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of you’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्- (सर्वनाम)

• मदे: in exhilaration/rapture (often: in soma-joy)
• मदे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद- (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रियः: dear, beloved
• प्रियः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय- (प्रातिपदिक)

• यमस्य: of Yama
• यमस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम- (प्रातिपदिक)

• काम्यः: desirable, wished-for
• काम्यः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काम्य- (प्रातिपदिक; from √कम्/काम ‘desire’)

• विवक्षसे: you wish/intend to speak (forth)
• विवक्षसे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + √वच् → विवक्ष् (desiderative stem)