Rig Veda 8.45.37: Mandala 8, Sukta 45, Mantra 37
Sukta 8.45
Devata: Indra (as sakhā/friend-hero)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
को नु मर्या अमिथितः सखा सखायमब्रवीत् । जहा को अस्मदीषते ॥
Transliteration
kó nu maryā́ amíthitaḥ sakhā́ sakhā́yam abravīt | jahā́ kó asmád ī́ṣate ||
Translation
いったい誰が、若き勇士よ、欺かれぬ友として、友にこう告げたのか。「彼を捨てよ—われらを害そうとするのは誰だ」と。
Word by Word
कःwho?
कः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootक (किम्-प्रातिपदिक) / कः (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नुnow/indeed (emphatic particle)
नु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु (निपात)
मर्याःyoung men, suitors, youths
मर्याः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootमर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
अमिथितःunerring, not mistaken
अमिथितः:
Kartā (विशेषणम्) / कर्तृसम्बन्धी
TypeAdjective (past participle)
Rootमिथ् (धातु, ‘to err/stray/act falsely’) → अमिथित (कृदन्त, निष्ठा/भूतकृदन्त)
सखाa friend
सखा:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
सखायम्(his) friend (as object)
सखायम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
— (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु, ‘to speak’)
जहाleave! abandon!
जहा:
— (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहा (धातु, ‘to leave/abandon’)
कःwho?
कः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootक (किम्-प्रातिपदिक) / कः (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अस्मदीषतेseeks us / strives for us
अस्मदीषते:
— (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootईष् (धातु, ‘to seek/strive/desire’) + अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → अस्मद्-ईषते (द्विगु/तत्पुरुष-समासवत्: ‘us-seeking’)
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