Rig Veda 8.41.4: Mandala 8, Sukta 41, Mantra 4
Sukta 8.41
Devata: Varuṇa
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यः ककुभो निधारयः पृथिव्यामधि दर्शतः । स माता पूर्व्यं पदं तद्वरुणस्य सप्त्यं स हि गोपा इवेर्यो नभन्तामन्यके समे ॥
Transliteration
yaḥ kakubho ni-dhārayaḥ pṛthivyām adhi darśataḥ | sa mātā pūrvyaṃ padaṃ tad varuṇasya saptyaṃ sa hi gopā iveryo nabhantām anyake same ||
Translation
地の上に世界の四方を据えた者、予見者のごとく顕現する者――それこそが古き座、ヴァルナ（Varuṇa）の七重の駿力である。彼は牧者のように求められるべき者――光らよ、ほかなる同一のうちに輝け。
Word by Word
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ककुभःthe quarters/directions
ककुभः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootककुभ् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ककुभ्’ = दिशा/ककुभ् ‘quarters, peaks’)
निधारयःyou have set/held firmly
निधारयः:
(क्रियापद)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-धृ (धातु: धृ ‘to hold, support’)
पृथिव्याम्on/in the earth
पृथिव्याम्:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
अधिupon, over
अधि:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
दर्शतःvisible, splendid
दर्शतः:
Kartā (यः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्) / (वैकल्पिकं: कर्मविशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootदृश् (धातु) → दर्शत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक ‘visible, splendid’)
सःhe
सः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
माताmother
माता:
Kartā (सः इत्यस्य समानाधिकरणम्) / (विधेय-नाम)
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
पूर्व्यम्ancient, primeval
पूर्व्यम्:
Karma (पदम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ancient, former’)
पदम्step; place; station
पदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपद (प्रातिपदिक)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma/ (सम्बन्ध-निर्देशः)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वरुणस्यof Varuṇa
वरुणस्य:
(सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
सप्त्यम्sevenfold; belonging to the team (of seven)
सप्त्यम्:
Karma (तत्/पदम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootसप्त्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘connected with seven/steeds’; also ‘of the team/steed’)
सःhe
सः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हिindeed, for
हि:
(सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
गोपाःprotector, herdsman
गोपाः:
Kartā (उपमा-वाक्ये) / (यः/सः इत्यस्य विधेयः)
TypeNoun
Rootगोपा (प्रातिपदिक; गो + पा ‘protector of cows’)
इवlike
इव:
(उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
ईर्यःto be impelled/roused; active
ईर्यः:
Kartā (यः/सः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootईर्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘to be set in motion/impelled’, from √ईर ‘to move, impel’)
नभन्ताम्let them burst forth/shine; let them arise
नभन्ताम्:
(क्रियापद)
TypeVerb
Root√नभ् (धातु; ‘to burst forth/shine?’—वेदे ‘नभ्’/‘नभ्’ प्रयोगः) अथवा √नभ् ‘to cloud/cover’ (सन्दिग्ध-धात्वर्थः)
अन्यकेelsewhere; in another (place)
अन्यके:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeAdjective/Pronoun-like
Rootअन्यक (प्रातिपदिक; ‘another, different’)
समेin the level place; in sameness
समे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun/Adjective (substantivized)
Rootसम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘even, level’)
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