Rig Veda 8.4.13: Mandala 8, Sukta 4, Mantra 13
Sukta 8.4
Rishi: Kaṇva (Kaṇva lineage; Kaṇvāḥ)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
रथेष्ठायाध्वर्यवः सोममिन्द्राय सोतन । अधि ब्रध्नस्याद्रयो वि चक्षते सुन्वन्तो दाश्वध्वरम् ॥
Transliteration
ratheṣṭhā́yādhvaryavaḥ sómam índrāya sotana | ádhi bradhnásyā́drayo ví cakṣate sunvánto dā́śv-adhvaram ||
Translation
アドヴァリュ（祭官）たちよ、車道に堅く立つインドラのためにソーマを搾れ。輝く基盤の上に、搾り石が働くさまが見える；供犠を捧げる搾り手たちは、この祭式を顕現させる。
Word by Word
रथेष्ठायO chariot-standing (priests)
रथेष्ठाय:
सम्बोधन (address) / कर्तृ (with implied ‘you’)
TypeAdjective
Rootरथेष्ठा- (रथ + स्था > रथेष्ठा, ‘standing/being on the chariot’; prātipadika)
अध्वर्यवःO Adhvaryu priests
अध्वर्यवः:
सम्बोधन (address)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्वर्यु- (prātipadika)
सोमम्Soma
सोमम्:
कर्म (object of ‘press/prepare’)
TypeNoun
Rootसोम- (prātipadika)
इन्द्रायfor Indra
इन्द्राय:
सम्प्रदान (recipient)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र- (prātipadika)
सोतनpress (it)!
सोतन:
क्रिया (imperative); कर्ता = यूयम् (अध्वर्यवः)
TypeVerb
Rootसु (धातु; ‘to press/express (Soma)’)
अधिupon, over
अधि:
अधिकरण/सम्बन्ध (upon/over)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधि (upasarga/avyaya)
ब्रध्नस्यof the bright/tawny one
ब्रध्नस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रध्न- (prātipadika; ‘tawny/bright one’, often of the Sun/Agni)
अद्रयःthe pressing-stones
अद्रयः:
कर्ता
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रि- (prātipadika; ‘stone’, esp. Soma-pressing stone)
विapart, forth, clearly
वि:
क्रियाविशेषण (distributive/intensive)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (upasarga/avyaya)
चक्षतेare seen / appear clearly
चक्षते:
क्रिया; कर्ता = अद्रयः
TypeVerb
Rootचक्ष् (धातु; ‘to see, appear, be seen’)
सुन्वन्तःpressing (Soma), the pressers
सुन्वन्तः:
कर्ता (co-referential with ritual agents)
TypeParticiple (Adjective/Noun)
Rootसु (धातु) → सुन्वन्त् (वर्तमान कृदन्त, शतृ)
दाश्वत्pious, offering
दाश्वत्:
कर्म-विशेषण
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootदाश् (धातु; ‘to give, offer, worship’) → दाश्वस्/दाश्वत् (परिपूर्ण/भूतकृदन्त-प्रायः)
अध्वरम्the sacrifice/ritual
अध्वरम्:
कर्म (object; ‘perform/serve the rite’ implied)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्वर- (prātipadika; ‘sacrifice/rite’)
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