Rig Veda 8.33.19: Mandala 8, Sukta 33, Mantra 19
Sukta 8.33
Rishi: Medhātithi Kāṇva
Devata: Indra (hymn context; verse itself is admonitory/gnomic)
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अधः पश्यस्व मोपरि संतरां पादकौ हर । मा ते कशप्लकौ दृशन्त्स्त्री हि ब्रह्मा बभूविथ ॥
Transliteration
adháḥ paśyasva mā́ uparí saṃ-tarā́m pā́dakau hara | mā́ te kaśa-plakáu dṛśan strī́ hí brahmā́ babhūvitha ||
Translation
下を見よ、上を仰ぐな。ハリよ、両の足をしかと引き締めよ。よろめく歩みを人に見せるな——汝は女であり、しかもブラフマン（brahmā）となったのだ。
Word by Word
अधःdownwards, below
अधः:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधस् (प्रातिपदिक) / अव्यय
पश्यस्वlook! / see!
पश्यस्व:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√पश् (दृश्) ‘to see’
माdo not
मा:
(निषेध-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा (निषेध) अव्यय
उपरिabove, upwards
उपरि:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउपरि (अव्यय)
सन्तराम्rather, instead (alternatively)
सन्तराम्:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसन्तर (अव्यय/क्रियाविशेषण; तुलनार्थ)
पादकौ(your) two feet
पादकौ:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootपाद (प्रातिपदिक)
हरO Hari! (O tawny one)
हर:
Sampradāna (सम्बोधन/आह्वान)
TypeNoun
Rootहरि (प्रातिपदिक; संबोधन) / हर (सम्बोधन-रूप)
माdo not
मा:
(निषेध-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा (निषेध) अव्यय
तेof you / to you
ते:
Sampradāna/सम्बन्ध (possessor)
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
कशप्लकौthe two ‘kaśaplaka-s’ (a pair; likely ‘testicles’/‘dangling parts’ in this jocular verse)
कशप्लकौ:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootकशप्लक (प्रातिपदिक)
दृशन्त्seeing, being seen (appearing)
दृशन्त्:
Kartā
TypeParticiple
Root√दृश् ‘to see’ (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
स्त्रीa woman
स्त्री:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
हिfor, indeed
हि:
(सम्बन्ध/हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
ब्रह्माa brahman/priest (one of sacred speech)
ब्रह्मा:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) → ब्रह्मा (प्रथमा एकवचन)
बभूविथyou have become / you became
बभूविथ:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू ‘to be, become’
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