Rig Veda 7.40.7: Mandala 7, Sukta 40, Mantra 7

Sukta 7.40

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Composite: Rodasī with Varuṇa, Mitra, Agni; luminous powers (candrāḥ)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

नू रोदसी अभिष्टुते वसिष्ठैॠतावानो वरुणो मित्रो अग्निः । यच्छन्तु चन्द्रा उपमं नो अर्कं यूयं पात स्वस्तिभिः सदा नः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.40.7

Transliteration

nū rodasī abhiṣṭute vasiṣṭhaiḥ ṛtāvāno varuṇo mitro agniḥ | yacchantu candrā upamaṃ no arkaṃ yūyaṃ pāta svastíbhiḥ sadā naḥ ||

Translation

いま、ヴァシシュタたち（Vasiṣṭha）により天と地（Rodasi）が讃え呼ばれるとき、真理（ṛta）を保つヴァルナ（Varuṇa, ṛtāvān）と、和合のミトラ（Mitra）と、アグニ（Agni）とが現れたまえ。輝ける力々よ、われらに最上の光の讃歌を授けたまえ。神々よ、つねに安寧と善き渡り（svasti）をもってわれらを守りたまえ。

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Word by Word

• नु: now; indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु

• रोदसी: the two worlds (Heaven and Earth)
• रोदसी: Kartā (with यच्छन्तु) / संबोधन-भाव (invoked pair)
• Type: Noun (dual) / Divine name
• Root: रोदसी (प्रातिपदिक) < रोदस्

• अभिष्टुते: well-praised; much-invoked
• अभिष्टुते: Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of रोदसी)
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle) used as epithet
• Root: अभि-स्तु (धातु √स्तु ‘to praise’) → अभिष्टुत (ppp)

• वसिष्ठैः: by the Vasiṣṭhas (Vasiṣṭha’s clan/poets)
• वसिष्ठैः: Karaṇa (instrument: ‘by/through the Vasiṣṭhas’)
• Type: Noun (proper name) / R̥ṣi-name
• Root: वसिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋतावानौ: the two ṛta-possessors; upholders of cosmic order
• ऋतावानौ: Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of Varuṇa–Mitra)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋतावन् (प्रातिपदिक: ‘possessing ṛta’)

• वरुणः: Varuṇa
• वरुणः: Kartā (with यच्छन्तु; coordinated subject)
• Type: Noun (deity)
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• मित्रः: Mitra
• मित्रः: Kartā (with यच्छन्तु; coordinated subject)
• Type: Noun (deity)
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्निः: Agni
• अग्निः: Kartā (with यच्छन्तु; coordinated subject)
• Type: Noun (deity)
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• यच्छन्तु: let them grant
• यच्छन्तु: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √यम् (यच्छ-; ‘to give, grant, bestow’)

• चन्द्राः: the shining ones; bright (gods)
• चन्द्राः: Kartā (with यच्छन्तु; additional subject)
• Type: Adjective used substantively
• Root: चन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• उपमम्: best; most excellent
• उपमम्: Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of अर्कम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उपम (प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: to us
• नः: Sampradāna (recipient)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• अर्कम्: hymn of praise; song
• अर्कम्: Karma (thing granted)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्क (प्रातिपदिक)

• यूयम्: you (all)
• यूयम्: Kartā (with पात)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• पात: protect
• पात: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पा (to protect) / √पा (to drink) — here ‘protect’

• स्वस्तिभिः: with well-being; with blessings
• स्वस्तिभिः: Karaṇa (means: ‘with blessings/welfare’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वस्ति (प्रातिपदिक)

• सदा: always
• सदा: Adhikaraṇa (temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा

• नः: us
• नः: Karma (object of पात)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्