Rig Veda 5.53.2: Mandala 5, Sukta 53, Mantra 2
Sukta 5.53
Rishi: Atri (Atraya tradition) — commonly associated with Mandala 5 hymns
Devata: Maruts
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable for RV 5.53; verse-level confirmation recommended)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऐतान्रथेषु तस्थुषः कः शुश्राव कथा ययुः । कस्मै सस्रुः सुदासे अन्वापय इळाभिर्वृष्टयः सह ॥
Transliteration
áitān ratheṣu tasthúṣaḥ káḥ śuśrāva kathā́ yayuḥ | kásmai sasruḥ sudā́se ánv ā́paya iḷā́bhir vṛṣṭáyaḥ sahá ||
Translation
これら戦車の上に立つ者ら——誰が彼らを聞き知り、いかに進み行くを語り得ようか。誰に向かい走り出でたのか。スダース（Sudāsa）に従い、水は養いの力とともに、雨はともども流れ出づ。
Word by Word
एतान्these (them)
एतान्:
कर्म
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
रथेषुon/in the chariots
रथेषु:
अधिकारण
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
तस्थुषःof those who have stood / who are standing
तस्थुषः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeParticiple (verbal adjective)
Rootस्था (धातु) → तस्थुष् (परस्मैपदी परिपूर्ण/परफेक्ट कृदन्त-आधार)
कःwho?
कः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun (interrogative)
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
शुश्रावhas heard
शुश्राव:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु)
कथाhow? / in what manner?
कथा:
अधिकारण/प्रकार (प्रश्न-प्रकार)
TypeNoun
Rootकथा (प्रातिपदिक)
ययुःthey have gone
ययुः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
कस्मैfor whom?
कस्मै:
सम्प्रदान
TypePronoun (interrogative)
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सस्रुःthey have flowed / run
सस्रुः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootसृ (धातु)
सुदासेto Sudās
सुदासे:
सम्प्रदान
TypeProper Noun
Rootसुदास (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
अनुafter, along
अनु:
उपपद/क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
आपयःwaters
आपयः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootआप्/आपस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘water’)
इळाभिःwith refreshment/Idā-offerings (nourishing draughts)
इळाभिः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootइळा (प्रातिपदिक)
वृष्टयःrains
वृष्टयः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootवृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
सहtogether, along with
सह:
क्रियाविशेषण/सहकार
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
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