Rig Veda 4.25.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 25, Mantra 2
Sukta 4.25
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra (with Soma and Uṣas/rays as supporting imagery)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
को नानाम वचसा सोम्याय मनायुर्वा भवति वस्त उस्राः । क इन्द्रस्य युज्यं कः सखित्वं को भ्रात्रं वष्टि कवये क ऊती ॥
Transliteration
kó nānāmá váca sā somyā́ya manāyúr vā bhavati vásta usrā́ḥ | ká índrasya yújyaṃ káḥ sakhitváṃ kó bhrā́traṃ vaṣṭi kaváye ká ūtī́ ||
Translation
誰が言葉もてソーマの歓喜に頭を垂れ、心の熱情となるのか――輝く暁が彼を衣のごとく包むとき。誰がインドラに結ばるべき者か、誰が友誼のために、誰が詩聖カヴィ（kavi）のために兄弟の契りを選び、誰がまことの助け（ūti）となるのか。
Word by Word
कःwho?
कः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नानामhas named / calls
नानाम:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootना (धातु) → नानाम (परिपूर्ण/परफेक्ट रूप) अथवा √नम्/√ना ‘to name/call’ (वैदिक)
वचसाwith speech/word
वचसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
सोम्यायto/for the Soma(-lord), the somic one
सोम्याय:
Sampradāna
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootसोम्य (प्रातिपदिक) < सोम
मनायुःthe eager-minded one / one with mental impulse
मनायुः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootमनायुः (प्रातिपदिक; वैदिक) < मनस्/√मन् ‘think’ + आयु ‘life/force’ (समास/निर्माण)
वाor
वा:
(connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (निपात)
भवतिbecomes / is
भवति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
वस्तःof the dwelling/abode
वस्तः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootवस्तु/वस्त (प्रातिपदिक; वैदिक) ‘dwelling, home; daybreak/abode’
उस्राःthe ruddy ones (dawn-rays/cows)
उस्राः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootउस्र (प्रातिपदिक) ‘dawn-cows, ruddy rays’
कःwho?
कः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रस्यof Indra
इन्द्रस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
युज्यम्the yoking/fit alliance; what is to be yoked
युज्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Noun (kṛdanta used substantively)
Rootयुज्य (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त; √युज् ‘to yoke, join’)
कःwho?
कः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सखित्वम्friendship
सखित्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun (abstract)
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक) → सखित्व (भाववाचक)
कःwho?
कः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
भ्रात्रम्brother (as object: brotherhood/one as brother)
भ्रात्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
वष्टिdesires / chooses
वष्टि:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootवश् (धातु) ‘to wish, desire, choose’
कवयेfor the seer/poet
कवये:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootकवि (प्रातिपदिक)
कःwho?
कः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ऊतीhelp / protection
ऊती:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootऊति (प्रातिपदिक) ‘help, aid’
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